Question 1

Is Tween 60 harmful to humans? Does it have an impact on the environment?

Accepted Answer

Tween 60 is a practically non-toxic, non-hazardous substance with high safety for humans and the environment, and no significant harm under normal use conditions. Detailed Description Tween 60 (Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate) exhibits excellent performance in terms of human safety. According to the current classification criteria of the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), this product is not classified as a hazardous chemical. Its acute oral toxicity is extremely low, with an oral LD50 in rats greater than 5000 mg/kg, placing it at a practically non-toxic level. Under normal use conditions, it poses no systemic hazard to humans. However, direct contact with high-concentration undiluted liquid may cause mild, transient irritation to the skin and eyes, and prolonged or repeated exposure does not result in specific systemic hazards. This is a key reason why Tween 60 is widely used in areas with direct human contact, such as the food industry, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical preparations—it has been approved as an additive by multiple countries' food safety regulations and pharmacopoeias. In terms of environmental impact, based on existing ecotoxicological data, Tween 60 poses no significant hazard to aquatic organisms. As a non-ionic surctant, it can gradually biodegrade in the environment and does not persist in the ecosystem. Nevertheless, any industrial product should avoid direct discharge into natural water bodies to prevent eutrophication or unnecessary burden on aquatic ecosystems. During use and disposal, basic environmental protection regulations should be followed, and leakage or cleaning wastewater should not be discharged into surce water, groundwater, or sewage systems. Overall, Tween 60 is an environmentally friendly surctant with low ecological risk. Safety Technical Parameters Safety IndicatorParameter/Description Hazard ClassificationNon-hazardous substance (not classified as hazardous chemical by GHS) Acute Oral Toxicity (Rat LD50)> 5000 mg/kg (practically non-toxic level) Skin IrritationContact with concentrated product may cause mild, transient irritation Eye IrritationSplashes of concentrated product may cause mild irritation Flash Point (Closed Cup Method)> 149 °C (no flammability or explosion risk under normal conditions) Aquatic EcotoxicityNo significant hazard to aquatic organisms BiodegradabilityGradually biodegradable, no persistent bioaccumulation Usage and Handling Recommendations Although Tween 60 has high safety, it is still recommended to follow basic protective measures during industrial operations: Wear chemical safety goggles and protective gloves (butyl rubber or neoprene recommended); maintain good ventilation in work areas; wash hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling. When handling high-temperature molten products, take extra care to prevent burns and splashes. For end-use applications in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, comply with relevant industry regulations regarding addition levels and purity. Precautions In case of direct contact of concentrated product with skin or eyes, immediately flush with plenty of running water for at least 15 minutes; if irritation persists, seek medical attention. Storage temperature is recommended to be between 5°C and 35°C, avoiding extreme temperatures and freeze-thaw cycles; containers should be kept sealed and dry. Store separately from strong oxidizers, strong acids, and strong bases; avoid mixed storage. Recommended storage container and pipeline materials: stainless steel, fiberglass-reinforced plastic (FRP), or carbon steel with epoxy phenolic lining; avoid prolonged contact with copper or copper alloys. Disposal should follow local environmental regulations; do not discharge product or cleaning wastewater directly into natural water bodies or sewers.

Question 2

What to do if problems occur during the use of Tween T-60? How to get technical support?

Accepted Answer

If you encounter problems with Tween T-60, it is recommended to first check the usage conditions and product characteristics. If the issue persists, you can directly contact the technical team of Guoli Chemical for professional support. Common problem self-check and solutions Tween T-60 (Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate, Polysorbate 60) is a stable nonionic surctant, but its application effect is influenced by temperature, pH value, electrolytes, and operating procedures. You can quickly troubleshoot based on the following high-frequency issues: Poor emulsification/solubilization effect or stratification: First, confirm the HLB value compatibility—Tween T-60 has an HLB value of 14.9, suitable for oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion systems. If the required HLB value of the oil phase differs significantly from the emulsifier's HLB value, emulsification efficiency will decrease. Second, check the cloud point temperature; the cloud point of a 1% aqueous solution is 76~78°C. Operating temperature should not be close to or exceed this temperature for prolonged periods, otherwise the nonionic surctant will dehydrate and precipitate, losing its emulsifying ability. Poor dissolution or uneven dispersion of the product: Tween T-60 is a viscous liquid or paste at room temperature, with a freezing point of about 20~25°C. The viscosity increases significantly at low temperatures (kinematic viscosity at 25°C is 400~600 mm²/s). If taken directly from a cold storage, it is recommended to warm the material to a flowable state in an environment of 25~35°C, then slowly add it to the water phase under stirring. Do not add a large amount at once to avoid forming "fish-eye" agglomerates that are difficult to disperse. Abnormal color or odor of the product: The normal product is light yellow to amber. If the color noticeably deepens or rancid odor appears, it may be due to oxidation or hydrolysis caused by improper storage. Check storage conditions: whether it is sealed, protected from light, and at a temperature between 5~35°C, and whether it is stored together with strong acids or strong bases. The acid value of this product should be ≤2.0. If the acid value increases significantly, it is recommended to stop use and send a sample for testing. Technical parameters Parameter itemSpecification or value Chemical typeNonionic surctant HLB value14.9 Cloud point (1% aqueous solution)76~78°C Freezing pointApprox. 20~25°C pH value (1% aqueous solution)5.0~7.0 Acid value≤2.0 Saponification value45~55 Hydroxyl value81~96 Kinematic viscosity (25°C)400~600 mm²/s Surce tension (1% aqueous solution, 25°C)42~45 mN/m Critical micelle concentration (CMC)Approx. 3×10⁻⁵ mol/L Water content≤3.0% Heavy metal content≤10 mg/kg Arsenic content≤2 mg/kg Application recommendations To ensure optimal use, please refer to the following process guidance: Recommended dosage: Based on the formulation system and oil phase content, the typical usage range of Tween T-60 is 1%~10% (by total formulation weight). For general emulsification of oils, the dosage is about 15%~25% of the oil phase weight. Synergistic combination: Tween T-60 is often used in combination with Span series (e.g., Span S-60, HLB value 4.7) to achieve the desired HLB value by adjusting the ratio, forming a more stable emulsification film. Both are sorbitan esters with excellent compatibility. Effect of polymers/salts: Tween T-60 has good tolerance to hard water and mild acidic/alkaline environments. However, high concentrations of electrolytes, strong acids (pH 12) may cause ester bond hydrolysis, which is accelerated by prolonged storage or high temperature. It is recommended to control the formulation pH between 4 and 8 for optimal stability. Process temperature: When preparing emulsions, it is recommended to heat both Tween T-60 and the oil phase together to 60~70°C for thorough melting and mixing. The water phase should also be heated to a similar temperature, then slowly add the oil phase to the water phase under homogenizing stirring, or emulsify both phases simultaneously. Getting official technical support from Guoli Chemical If the problem remains unresolved after following the above steps, or if you encounter complex formulation issues, need sample re-testing, or require customized application solutions, please contact the technical team of Hai'an County Guoli Chemical Co., Ltd. through the following channels: Official website: Visit the Guoli Chemical official website (search for "Guoli Chemical" or "Hai'an County Guoli Chemical Co., Ltd." on search engines), and submit a detailed description of the problem, application scenario, formulation overview, and phenomenon in the "Contact Us" or "Technical Support" section. Technical engineers will respond within 1-2 working days. Phone/email consultation: Check the official technical support hotline and email to communicate directly with senior application engineers. It is recommended to prepare the product batch number (on the packaging label), purchase date, storage conditions, and photos of the problematic sample in advance for efficient troubleshooting. Sample submission: If physical and chemical indicators need to be re-measured or compared with standard samples, contact customer service to confirm the shipping address. Seal the suspicious sample properly and send it to the Guoli Chemical Quality Inspection Center. The lab will issue a test report and provide improvement suggestions. On-site technical exchange: For major projects or persistent issues, Guoli Chemical can arrange technical engineers to conduct on-site process diagnosis and usage guidance. Contact the regional sales manager to schedule an appointment. Tip: Tween T-60 is a food grade and pharmaceutical grade nonionic surctant. If used in sensitive fields, be sure to request the corresponding batch inspection report (COA) and compliance statement documents in advance.

Question 3

How to purchase Tween T-60? What is the minimum order quantity?

Accepted Answer

To purchase Tween T-60, please contact the Guoli Chemical sales team directly for the latest quotes and ordering solutions. Detailed Description Tween T-60 (CAS No.: 9005-67-8) is a core nonionic surctant product of Guoli Chemical, and it is normally produced and supplied. This product is sealed and packaged in 50kg/200kg plastic drums, stored in a cool, dry, and ventilated warehouse, with a shelf life of two years from the date of production. Due to the influence of multiple ctors such as upstream raw material costs, purchase quantity, payment method, and logistics solutions on the price of chemical raw materials, the price information in the database is for reference only, and the actual transaction price must be confirmed with the sales team. Regarding the minimum order quantity, there is no clear minimum order quantity description in the database. Generally, Guoli Chemical supports flexible ordering based on a single drum (50kg specification), but the specific policy is subject to confirmation by the sales department. It is recommended that you directly state the expected usage and purpose when inquiring, and the sales staff can provide the optimal procurement plan and transportation suggestions accordingly. Purchase Guide ItemDetails Product NameTween T-60 (Polyoxyethylene (20) Sorbitan Monostearate) CAS No.9005-67-8 Packaging Specification50kg/drum or 200kg/drum (sealed plastic drum packaging) Minimum Order QuantityThis parameter is not available. Please consult the sales team for details. Reference PriceThe above prices are for reference only. Contact the sales team for the latest quotation. Price UnitCNY/ton Quotation ValiditySubject to the sales contract. Ordering Process Suggestions The recommended steps for purchasing Tween T-60 are as follows: Inquiry: Dial the Guoli Chemical sales hotline or send an email, providing your company name, required product specification (Tween T-60), estimated purchase quantity, and target delivery address. Obtain Quotation: Based on your requirements, the salesperson will provide an official quotation, including product unit price, packaging method, suggested logistics plan, and estimated delivery date. Confirm Order: After both parties agree on the terms such as price, quantity, and delivery date, sign a purchase and sales contract. Payment and Shipment: Pay according to the contract terms. Guoli Chemical will arrange shipment and provide accompanying documents (COA test report, MSDS safety data sheet, etc.). Notes This product is a non-hazardous chemical. Conventional land and sea transportation is acceptable; no special hazardous material transport qualifications are required. However, during transportation, avoid direct sunlight, rain, and extreme temperatures. Before opening the drum, check the seal and packaging integrity. After opening, reseal as soon as possible. Do not pour unused product back into the original container to prevent cross-contamination. If you need samples for initial testing, please indicate this during inquiry. Guoli Chemical can usually provide small samples for formula verification. For bulk purchases or long-term cooperation, vorable terms and customized packaging solutions can be negotiated.

Question 4

Does Tween T-60 meet environmental requirements? Can a test report be provided?

Accepted Answer

Tween T-60 has good environmental characteristics, with no obvious harm to aquatic organisms, and meets conventional environmental requirements. However, regarding specific third-party test reports, the Guoli Chemical product database currently does not include this content; it is recommended to contact Haian Guoli Chemical Co., Ltd. directly to obtain the latest version. Detailed Explanation Tween T-60 (Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate, CAS No.: 9005-67-8) is a mild polyol-type nonionic surctant. From the perspective of environmental compliance, this product performs well in existing ecotoxicological assessments, with no obvious harm to aquatic organisms. Its acute toxicity is extremely low (rat oral LD50 > 5000 mg/kg), classifying it as practically non-toxic, and under normal use conditions, it does not have special systemic hazards such as carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, or reproductive toxicity, thus ensuring high safety for both the environment and operators. From a biodegradation perspective, the molecular structure of Tween T-60 contains ester bonds and polyoxyethylene chains, theoretically providing good biodegradation potential, allowing it to decompose gradually in the environment and not easily cause long-term accumulation pollution. However, it should be noted that in spill handling guidelines, Guoli Chemical still requires prohibiting the direct discharge of leaked materials or cleaning wastewater into surce water, groundwater, or sewage pipeline systems. This is a common industry environmental preventive measure and complies with the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) management requirements. Therefore, as long as standard operating procedures are followed for use and disposal, Tween T-60 can meet environmental compliance requirements. Regarding test reports: The Guoli Chemical product database currently does not include specific texts of third-party environmental test reports for this product (such as biodegradability test reports, RoHS testing, REACH compliance statements, etc.). Test reports for chemical products are usually updated with batches. The most accurate approach is to directly request the latest test reports for your required items from Haian Guoli Chemical Co., Ltd., including but not limited to quality indicator data such as heavy metal content and arsenic content (the database already has batch control indicators: heavy metals ≤10 mg/kg, arsenic ≤2 mg/kg). Technical Parameters (Environmental Related Indicators) Test ItemTechnical Indicator/ResultRemarks Acute Oral ToxicityLD50 > 5000 mg/kg (Rat)Practically non-toxic level EcotoxicologyNo obvious harm to aquatic organismsBased on existing data assessment Hazard ClassificationNon-hazardous substance (GHS standard)Not classified as flammable or corrosive chemicals Heavy Metals (Total)≤10 mg/kgDatabase batch control indicator Arsenic (As)≤2 mg/kgDatabase batch control indicator Flash Point>150℃ (Closed Cup Method)Non-flammable under normal conditions Third-Party Test ReportNot availablePlease contact Guoli Chemical to obtain Application Recommendations Given the good environmental properties of Tween T-60, it is widely used in industries with strict safety requirements such as food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. In such applications, it is recommended that formulators follow these principles to ensure environmental compliance and minimize environmental impact: during the formulation design phase, prioritize precise addition strategies to control the dosage of Tween T-60 within the minimum effective concentration range required for the process; during production, avoid leaks and spills, and all cleaning wastewater containing Tween T-60 should be directed to the plant wastewater treatment system, treated to meet standards before discharge. Precautions Report Request: If formal documents such as SGS test reports, REACH compliance statements, RoHS reports, or biodegradability test reports are needed, please prepare your product batch number or expected purchase quantity and directly contact the sales or technical department of Guoli Chemical. They will provide you with the latest stamped test report for the corresponding batch. Spill Disposal: Although the product is environmentally friendly, in case of a spill, it should still be absorbed and collected using inert materials (such as vermiculite or dry sand). Do not flush it into drains or soil to avoid a transient load impact on water bodies from high concentrations of organic matter. Storage Note: Keep containers sealed and store in an environment at 5°C to 35°C, away from strong oxidizers, strong acids, and strong alkalis to prevent product decomposition under extreme conditions, which could create non-routine environmental risks.

Question 5

What are the advantages of Tween T-60 compared to other similar products?

Accepted Answer

According to the technical data from Guoli Chemical, the core advantages of Tween T-60 (Polysorbate 60) among similar nonionic surctants lie in its high emulsification efficiency, excellent system stability, broad regulatory applicability, and good formulation compatibility.As a classic polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate, Guoli Chemical, with its ISO9001/ISO14001 certification and process background as a high-tech enterprise in Jiangsu Province, ensures that the product meets high standards in key performance indicators, making it particularly outstanding in complex formulation systems.### 1. Superior Performance: High Efficiency and Precise Temperature ControlCompared to other general-purpose Tween series products, Tween T-60 has specific advantages in hydrophilic-lipophilic balance and temperature control:* Precise HLB value (14.9) and high emulsification efficiency: The HLB value of Tween T-60 is as high as 14.9, with hydrophilicity superior to most similar products except Tween T-80 (HLB 15.0), making it very suitable for preparing stable oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. Its balanced monoester content (45~55%) and diester content (10~20%) form a strong intercial film, significantly reducing the oil-water intercial tension (surce tension as low as 42~45 mN/m, 1% aqueous solution, 25°C).* Higher cloud point (76~78°C): Compared to some low cloud point emulsifiers, Tween T-60 has a higher cloud point, maintaining solubility and functionality in production processes requiring heating (such as hot preparation of creams and lotions), without easy precipitation or demulsification, providing a wider operating window.### 2. Stability and Reliability: Suitable for Harsh Systems* Excellent acid, alkali, and hard water tolerance: Tween T-60 maintains chemical stability under mild acid and alkali conditions and is insensitive to calcium and magnesium ions in hard water, r superior to traditional anionic emulsifiers (such as soaps). This makes it still highly effective in environments with poor water quality, such as industrial cleaning and textile auxiliaries.* Low critical micelle concentration (CMC): Its CMC value is approximately 0.003% w/v, meaning it can form micelles at very low concentrations, achieving efficient solubilization of oil-soluble substances. This offers extremely high cost-effectiveness in pharmaceutical preparations and flavor solubilization.### 3. Wide Applicability and Regulatory AdvantagesAlthough not reflected in numerical parameters, based on chemical structure, the biggest advantage of Tween T-60 is its food-grade safety attribute. It is an internationally recognized safe food additive (emulsifier) and is also included in pharmacopoeias of various countries, suitable for:* Food industry: Bakery ts, frozen desserts, coffee creamers.* Pharmaceutical preparations: Oral liquids, injections, ointment solubilizers and emulsifiers.* Cosmetics: High-end creams and lotions.This cross-industry compliance is not available in many industrial-grade emulsifiers.### 4. Specific Technical Parameter Comparison (Guoli Chemical Database)| Key Indicator | Tween T-60 | Industry General Standard/Advantage Interpretation || :--- | :--- | :--- || HLB Value | 14.9 | Belongs to high HLB value, very suitable for O/W emulsification, strong hydrophilicity. || Cloud Point (1% aqueous solution) | 76~78°C | Wide operating window, resistant to high-temperature processes, not easy to demulsify. || Acid Value | ≤ 2.0 mgKOH/g | Very low acid value indicates high product purity, less free acid, minimal impact on formulation system odor and pH, especially suitable for high-end cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. || Active Content | ≥ 99% | High active ingredient, more economical use, high cost-effectiveness. || Heavy Metals (Total) | ≤ 10 mg/kg | Meets high purity requirements for food and pharmaceutical grade, extremely high safety. || Appearance/Viscosity | Viscous liquid (400-600 mm²/s, 25°C) | Easy to pump and pour at room temperature, convenient operation, no need for special melting like some high melting point emulsifiers. |### 5. Application Selection SuggestionsWhen selecting similar products, you can judge based on the following needs:* If pursuing extreme hydrophilicity and low freezing point: Choose Tween T-80 (still a flowable liquid at low temperatures, easier to disperse).* If pursuing stronger lipophilicity (W/O emulsification): Consider Span series or products with lower HLB values, and compound with Tween T-60.### 6. Usage Precautions* Storage Temperature: Recommended storage at 5°C to 35°C. Below about 20~25°C, the product may solidify into a paste, but this does not affect its chemical properties. Simply warm slowly to room temperature and mix evenly before use.* Compatibility: Can be compounded with anionic, cationic, and other nonionic surctants. Avoid prolonged contact with copper or copper alloy containers; stainless steel, FRP, or carbon steel lined with phenolic epoxy are recommended.In summary, Guoli Chemical Tween T-60, with its high-purity O/W emulsification ability, excellent temperature stability, and broad food safety regulatory approval, constitutes a significant advantage over other similar industrial emulsifiers in formulations requiring high hydrophilicity, high safety, and heat-resistant emulsions.

Question 6

How to store Tween T-60? What is the shelf life?

Accepted Answer

Tween T-60 should be stored in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated environment. The recommended storage temperature is 5°C to 35°C. Under normal sealed conditions, the shelf life is two years from the date of manucture. Detailed Explanation Tween T-60 (Polyoxyethylene (20) Sorbitan Monostearate) is a chemically stable non-ionic surctant, but it may still undergo performance degradation under improper storage conditions. To ensure the product maintains optimal performance throughout its usage cycle, it must be stored strictly according to the specified storage requirements. The storage environment should be kept away from heat sources, sparks, and open flames, and should avoid direct sunlight and high temperatures. Although the product itself has a flash point above 149°C (closed cup method) and is not flammable under normal conditions, packaging materials or surrounding substances may decompose and produce harmful fumes in case of fire. Extreme temperatures and freeze-thaw cycles should also be avoided, as drastic temperature changes may affect the physical state and emulsifying properties of the product. After opening, the container should be resealed as soon as possible to prevent moisture absorption and contamination. Unused product should not be returned to the original container to avoid cross-contamination. Additionally, the product should be stored separately from strong oxidizers, strong acids, and strong bases. The recommended materials for storage containers and pipelines are stainless steel, fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP), or carbon steel with an epoxy-phenolic lining. Prolonged contact with copper or copper alloys should be avoided. Key Storage Conditions ItemRequirement Storage Temperature5°C to 35°C (recommended) Environmental RequirementsCool, dry, well-ventilated, away from heat sources and open flames Light ExposureAvoid direct sunlight Container StatusKeep sealed; reseal immediately after opening Recommended Container MaterialsStainless steel, FRP, carbon steel with epoxy-phenolic lining Materials to AvoidCopper and copper alloys Substances to Avoid Co-storageStrong oxidizers, strong acids, strong bases Shelf LifeTwo years from the date of manucture (under normal sealed conditions) Application Recommendations To ensure stable performance within the shelf life, it is recommended to follow the "first in, first out" inventory management principle. Before each use, observe the product's appearance—Tween T-60 normally appears as a light yellow to amber oily liquid or paste. If significant color darkening, separation, odor, or mold is observed, discontinue use even if still within the labeled shelf life. If the product solidifies or crystallizes due to low temperatures, it can be slowly warmed to room temperature in a warm environment and stirred appropriately; this usually does not affect performance. However, repeated freeze-thaw cycles should be avoided, as they may adversely affect emulsification efficiency. Precautions Spilled product may create slippery surces; clean up promptly and set up warning signs. Do not discharge leaked product or cleaning wastewater into surce water, groundwater, or sewage systems. It is recommended to wear protective gloves and goggles during operation, and wash hands thoroughly after work. The two-year shelf life is based on normal sealed storage conditions; product life may shorten if storage conditions are not optimal.

Question 7

What safety precautions should be taken when using Tween 60?

Accepted Answer

Tween 60 is a non-hazardous substance with extremely low toxicity and no flammability risk, but basic industrial hygiene practices should still be followed, avoiding direct contact with concentrated products and hot molten materials. Detailed Explanation Tween 60 (Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate) is a non-ionic surctant with high safety. According to the current classification standards of the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS), this product is not classified as a hazardous chemical . Its acute oral toxicity is extremely low, with a rat oral LD50 greater than 5000 mg/kg, placing it at a practically non-toxic level. The flash point is above 149°C (by closed cup method), and it poses no flammability or explosion risk under normal use and storage conditions, with no significant harm to aquatic organisms. Despite its overall high safety, direct contact with concentrated products may cause mild, transient irritation to the skin and eyes. Long-term or repeated exposure has no special systemic hazards. Therefore, basic protection is still necessary during handling, especially when dealing with hot molten products or when there is a risk of splashing, enhanced personal protective measures should be taken. Core Requirements for Safe Handling Personal Protection It is recommended to wear chemical safety goggles when handling, to prevent molten products or concentrated solutions from accidentally splashing into the eyes. When handling hot molten products or when there is a risk of large splashes, protective gloves made of butyl rubber or neoprene should be worn. Maintain good ventilation in the work area and follow basic industrial hygiene practices. After handling and before eating, drinking, or smoking, thoroughly wash hands and any other skin areas that may have come into contact with soap and water. Eating and storing food are prohibited in the workplace. Contaminated clothing should be stored separately and washed before reuse. Storage Conditions Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated warehouse, away from heat sources, sparks, and open flames . Keep containers tightly sealed to prevent moisture absorption and ingress of foreign matter. The recommended storage temperature range is 5°C to 35°C , avoiding extreme temperatures and freeze-thaw cycles. After opening, reseal promptly. Do not return unused product to the original container . Store separately from strong oxidizers, strong acids, and strong alkalis, avoiding mixed storage. It is recommended to use stainless steel, fiberglass-reinforced plastic (FRP), or carbon steel with epoxy-phenolic lining for storage containers and piping, avoiding prolonged contact with copper or copper alloys. Emergency Response Measures Type of Contact Response Measures Skin Contact Remove contaminated clothing and shoes, immediately rinse with plenty of running water and soap for at least 15 minutes. If irritation persists or worsens, seek medical attention immediately. Eye Contact Immediately hold eyelids open and rinse gently and thoroughly with running water or saline solution for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do, continue rinsing. Professional ophthalmic medical treatment is necessary. Ingestion Rinse mouth thoroughly with clean water. Do not give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. This substance has extremely low acute toxicity and generally does not require emergency treatment. If discomfort occurs, seek medical attention with the product label. Spill Response Small spill: Use inert absorbent materials (e.g., vermiculite, dry sand) to contain and collect into a sealed container, then flush the spill area with plenty of water. Large spill: Build dikes to control spread, transfer with explosion-proof pumps to dedicated containers for recovery. The spill area may become slippery, immediately set up warning signs. Do not discharge spill material or cleaning wastewater into surce water, groundwater, or sewage systems. Fire Response This product does not support combustion, but if involved in a fire, the packaging or surrounding materials may decompose to produce irritating or toxic fumes (e.g., carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide). Extinguishing media may include water fog, alcohol-resistant foam, dry powder, or carbon dioxide. Firefighters must wear self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus and full protective clothing. After fire, collect contaminated firefighting water and avoid direct discharge into the environment. Application Recommendations In actual use, Tween 60 often needs to be heated to a fluid state for handling. It is recommended to control the heating temperature between 40°C and 60°C , avoiding prolonged high-temperature heating to prevent discoloration or performance changes. In formulations, it is commonly used as an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsifier, with recommended usage adjusted within the range of 0.5% to 5% depending on the specific system. Better emulsification stability can be achieved when used in combination with Span series (e.g., Span 60). Precautions Although this product has very low toxicity, in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications, relevant regulations on the purity and dosage limits of raw materials must be observed. Avoid prolonged contact with copper or copper alloys to prevent product discoloration. The product may thicken or solidify at low temperatures; this is a normal physical phenomenon and can be restored by gentle heating without affecting performance. The shelf life of this product is two years from the date of manucture (under normal room temperature, sealed conditions). After the shelf life, it should be tested before use.

Question 8

How to use Tween 60? What is the recommended dosage?

Accepted Answer

Tween 60 is an oil-in-water (O/W) type nonionic emulsifier. When using, it is generally dissolved in warm water or directly added to the oil phase/water phase with stirring. The recommended dosage varies by industry, typically between 0.1% and 5%. Detailed Description Tween 60 (Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate, CAS No.: 9005-67-8) is a nonionic surctant with an HLB value of 14.9 and strong hydrophilicity. It is mainly used as an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsifier and solubilizer. The product appears as a light yellow to amber viscous liquid or paste at room temperature (solidification point approximately 20~25°C). If solidification or stratification occurs before use, this is normal; simply heat to 25~35°C and stir evenly to restore the fluid state without affecting product performance. It is easily soluble in water and most organic solvents and can be used in combination with anionic, cationic, and other nonionic surctants, exhibiting excellent compatibility. The basic method of use is to add Tween 60 to the water phase, stir to dissolve, and then mix with the oil phase for emulsification. Alternatively, it can be first mixed with oil-soluble components and then added to water for emulsification. For solubilization purposes (e.g., solubilizing flavors or essential oils), Tween 60 is usually premixed with the substance to be solubilized in a certain proportion, and then water is slowly added with stirring until a transparent state is achieved. According to the product parameters from the Guoli Chemical Database, its critical micelle concentration (CMC) is approximately 0.003% (w/v), surce tension is 42~45 mN/m (1% aqueous solution), and the cloud point of a 1% aqueous solution is 76~78°C. The emulsification performance is stable during low to medium temperature operations. It has a wide pH application range (pH of 1% aqueous solution is 5.0~7.0) and maintains functional stability under mild acidic and alkaline conditions. Application Recommendations Below are recommended dosage ranges based on common industry practices (the Guoli Chemical Database does not provide specific dosage values for each application field; the following are industry empirical reference values): Application FieldUseRecommended Dosage (% of total formulation weight)Usage Instructions Food IndustryEmulsifier, stabilizer0.1%~0.5%Dissolve in the water phase, then mix with oil phase for emulsification. Used in ice cream, baking ts, coffee creamers, etc. Cosmetics/Personal CareEmulsifier1%~5%Add to the water phase, heat to 70~75°C, then homogenize with the oil phase. Used in creams and lotions. Cosmetics/Personal CareSolubilizer (flavors/essential oils)Solubilizate:T-60 ≈ 1:3~1:5First mix Tween 60 with the flavor/essential oil evenly, then slowly add water until transparent. Pharmaceutical PreparationsSolubilizer, emulsifier0.5%~5%Used in oral solutions, ointment bases. Dissolve in the water phase or add directly to the formulation. Textile IndustryAntistatic agent, wetting agent0.2%~1%Prepare working solution for use during spinning or finishing processes. Pesticide FormulationsEmulsifier3%~8%Used in emulsifiable concentrate or water emulsion formulations. Better results when compounded with other emulsifiers. Plastics and PolymersInternal lubricant, antistatic agent0.1%~0.5%Add directly to the resin during mixing or plasticizing stages. Precautions Pre-treatment before addition: If the product solidifies or becomes cloudy due to low temperature, place the container in a 25~35°C warm water bath to preheat and stir until uniformly transparent. Do not use open flames for heating. HLB value matching: Tween 60 has an HLB value of 14.9, suitable for oil-in-water emulsion systems. To prepare emulsions with different oil phases or greater stability, it is recommended to combine with low-HLB emulsifiers (such as Span series) to achieve the target HLB value. Addition order: Generally, dissolve in the water phase first, then mix with the oil phase. If used as a solubilizer, premix Tween 60 with the substance to be solubilized before adding water to achieve optimal transparency. Storage conditions: This product is hygroscopic; seal tightly after opening. Recommended storage temperature is 5°C to 35°C, away from strong acids, strong bases, and strong oxidizing agents. Avoid prolonged contact with copper or copper alloy containers. Safety precautions: Although this product has very low toxicity (rat oral LD50>5000 mg/kg), direct contact with the concentrated product may cause mild skin or eye irritation. It is recommended to wear protective gloves and goggles during operation. Regulatory requirements: For food and pharmaceutical grade applications, ensure the product complies with the relevant national standards (e.g., GB 25554 "National Food Safety Standard - Food Additive - Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Tween 60)") regarding specified limits.

Question 9

In which industries and processes is Tween 60 primarily used?

Accepted Answer

Tween 60 is widely used in six major industries: food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textiles, pesticides, and plastics, serving core functions as an O/W emulsifier, solubilizer, stabilizer, and antistatic agent. Detailed Description Tween 60 (Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate, CAS No.: 9005-67-8) is a polyol-type nonionic surctant with an HLB value of approximately 14.9, making it a typical oil-in-water (O/W) emulsifier. Its molecular structure contains hydrophilic polyoxyethylene chains and lipophilic tty acid ester chains. This amphiphilic structure allows it to form a stable intercial film at the oil-water interce, significantly reducing intercial tension, thereby playing an irreplaceable role in multiple industrial fields. With excellent acid-alkali stability and hard water tolerance, Tween 60 maintains functional stability over a wide pH range and can be well compounded with anionic, cationic, and other nonionic surctants, laying a solid foundation for its cross-industry applications. Additionally, its low toxicity and good biocompatibility have earned it widespread recognition in products that come into contact with the human body, such as food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Detailed Explanation of Process Applications by Industry 1. Food Industry — As an emulsifier and stabilizer, Tween 60 promotes uniform mixing of oil and water in baking ts, preventing oil separation; in ice cream and frozen desserts, it controls ice crystal growth, improving overrun and smoothness; in coffee creamers (non-dairy creamer), it evenly disperses oil droplets, providing good whiteness and solubility; in dairy products and beverages, it prevents oil-water separation and protein precipitation, extending product shelf life. Typical addition levels range from 0.1% to 0.5% (based on oil weight). 2. Cosmetics and Personal Care Products — In creams and lotion formulations, Tween 60 is compounded with the Span series (e.g., Span 60) to build a stable O/W emulsion system, resulting in fine texture and a refreshing skin feel; in shampoos and shower gels, it acts as a solubilizer, uniformly dispersing fragrances, essential oils, and lipophilic active ingredients (e.g., vitamin E, plant extracts) into the aqueous system, enhancing product transparency and efficacy; in color cosmetics, it aids in pigment dispersion, improving spreadability and skin adherence. Recommended usage is 1% to 5% of the total formulation weight. 3. Pharmaceutical Preparations — Tween 60 serves as a solubilizer in oral solutions and injections, encapsulating poorly soluble drugs (e.g., t-soluble vitamins, hormone drugs) in micelles, significantly improving drug solubility and bioavailability; in topical ointments and creams, it acts as an emulsifier, ensuring uniform drug distribution in the base, promoting transdermal absorption, and maintaining the physical stability of the preparation. Its oral LD50 is greater than 5000 mg/kg, indicating practically non-toxic levels, meeting pharmacopoeia standards. 4. Textile Industry — During spinning, it is used as an antistatic agent and lubricant coated on fiber surces to reduce friction and static electricity buildup between fibers and metal parts, decreasing breakage rates; in weaving and finishing, it acts as a leveling agent and wetting agent, promoting uniform dye uptake, reducing color spots and shading, while imparting a soft and fluffy hand feel to the bric. Typical usage is 0.5 to 2 g/L of the working solution. 5. Pesticide Formulations — In formulations such as emulsifiable concentrates (EC), microemulsions (ME), and oil-in-water emulsions (EW), it acts as an emulsifier, allowing hydrophobic pesticide active ingredients to spontaneously form stable emulsions upon dilution, ensuring good wetting, spreading, and penetration of the spray liquid on crop surces, thereby improving pesticide efficacy. It is typically used in combination with other nonionic or anionic emulsifiers, with total emulsifier content ranging from 5% to 15% of the formulation weight. 6. Plastics and Polymer Industry — As an internally added antistatic agent, it is incorporated into plastic films, injection-molded parts, and sheets. It migrates to the product surce to form a conductive layer, effectively dissipating surce static charges, preventing dust attraction and electrostatic discharge; it also acts as an internal lubricant during processing, reducing melt viscosity, improving mold flow, and cilitating demolding. Recommended dosage is 0.1% to 1.0% of the resin weight. Application Recommendations Emulsion System Construction: Tween 60 (HLB ≈ 14.9) is suitable for preparing O/W emulsions. To adjust the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of the emulsion system, it is recommended to use it in combination with low-HLB Span series (e.g., Span 60, HLB ≈ 4.7). By adjusting the ratio of the two, the target HLB value can be achieved to match the emulsification requirements of different oil phases. Solubilization Process: When solubilizing fragrances or lipophilic active ingredients, it is advisable to first mix Tween 60 thoroughly with the substance to be solubilized, then slowly add water phase while stirring. This helps form a clear and stable microemulsion system. A solubilization temperature of 40 to 60°C yields better results. Precautions Tween 60 is a paste at room temperature. It is recommended to preheat and soften it in a warm water bath at 30 to 40°C before use to cilitate accurate weighing and feeding. When handling concentrated products, it is advised to wear protective gloves and goggles to avoid prolonged direct skin contact or splashing into eyes. In case of accidental contact, rinse immediately with plenty of water. The product is hygroscopic; after opening, it should be sealed promptly. Recommended storage temperature is 5°C to 35°C, avoiding freeze-thaw cycles and high-temperature exposure. Avoid prolonged contact with copper or copper alloy equipment. Stainless steel or carbon steel containers with epoxy-phenolic linings are recommended for storage. In food and pharmaceutical applications, strictly comply with relevant regulations regarding the maximum allowable addition levels.

Question 10

What are the physicochemical technical parameters of Tween T-60?

Accepted Answer

The physicochemical technical parameters of Tween T-60 have been organized into the table below, covering core indicators such as basic physical properties, surce activity parameters, and composition specifications. Detailed Description Tween T-60 (Polyoxyethylene (20) Sorbitan Monostearate) is a non-ionic surctant, typically appearing as a pale yellow to amber viscous liquid or paste at room temperature. Its molecular weight is approximately 1312, with CAS number 9005-67-8. This product exhibits excellent water solubility and organic solvent solubility, along with hygroscopicity. It is commonly used as an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsifier and solubilizer in formulations. In terms of surce activity parameters, its HLB value is as high as 14.9, and the cloud point ranges from 76 to 78°C, which determines its strong hydrophilicity and ability to remain stably dispersed in high-temperature water. The low critical micelle concentration (approximately 3×10⁻⁵ mol/L) means it can form micelles and perform solubilization and emulsification functions even at very low addition levels. Additionally, its chemical stability is good, but it is sensitive to strong acids and strong bases, where hydrolysis may occur. Overall, the indicators of Tween T-60 are standardized, meeting the strict requirements of industries such as food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals regarding raw material purity and performance. Technical Parameters Parameter ItemData Indicator Chemical NamePolyoxyethylene (20) Sorbitan Monostearate CAS Number9005-67-8 Molecular FormulaC64H126O26 (approx.) Molecular Weight~1312 Ionic TypeNon-ionic AppearancePale yellow to amber viscous liquid Solidification PointApproximately 20~25°C Density (25°C)1.05~1.10 HLB Value14.9 Cloud Point (1% aqueous solution)76~78°C Active Content≥99% pH Value (1% aqueous solution)5.0~7.0 pH Value (5% aqueous solution)5.0~7.0 Acid Value≤2.0 mgKOH/g Saponification Value45~55 mgKOH/g Hydroxyl Value81~96 mgKOH/g Iodine Value≤2 Moisture Content≤3.0% Kinematic Viscosity (25°C)400~600 mm²/s Refractive Index (25°C)1.472~1.476 Flash Point>150°C SolubilityEasily soluble in water and organic solvents Surce Tension (1% aqueous solution, 25°C)42~45 mN/m Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC)Approximately 3×10⁻⁵ mol/L (0.003% w/v) Monoester Content45~55% Diester Content10~20% Heavy Metals (as Pb)≤10 mg/kg Arsenic (As)≤2 mg/kg Chemical StabilityStable under normal conditions, strong acid/base can cause hydrolysis Foaming PropertyModerate foaming Alkali ResistanceGood (stable under mild alkaline conditions) HygroscopicityYes Application Recommendations Due to its high HLB value and excellent emulsifying and solubilizing properties, Tween T-60 is highly suitable for constructing oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion systems. In the food industry, it can be used in ice cream, baking ts, etc.; in cosmetics, it is used in creams, lotions, and shampoos; in pharmaceutical preparations, it serves as a solubilizer to enhance the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. In the textile and plastic industries, it is mainly used as an antistatic agent and wetting agent, effectively reducing static accumulation on material surces and improving processing fluidity. It is recommended to use it in combination with low HLB value emulsifiers (such as Span series) to achieve more stable and fine emulsion effects. Precautions Operational Protection: Although toxicity is very low, it is recommended to wear goggles and protective gloves when handling high-concentration products to avoid direct contact with skin and eyes. Storage Conditions: Please store sealed in a cool, dry place at 5~35°C, avoiding storage with strong acids, strong bases, and strong oxidizers. Usage Restrictions: Avoid prolonged contact of the product with containers and pipes made of copper or copper alloys. Abnormal Handling: If the product solidifies due to low temperature, place it in a warm environment to slowly thaw and stir evenly; performance will not be affected.

Tween T-60 (Polysorbate 60)

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Property	Value
CAS No.	9005-67-8
Molecular Formula	C64H126O26
Appearance	Pale yellow to brownish-yellow paste or waxy solid
Ionic Type	Nonionic
Avg. Molecular Weight	~1312
Cloud Point	76~78°C (1%aq. soln.)
Active Content	≥99%
pH Value(1%)	5.0~7.0 (1%aq. soln.)
pH Value(5%)	5.0~7.0 (5%aq. soln.)
Iodine Value	≤2
Solubility	Soluble in water, ethanol
Surface Tension	42~45 mN/m (1%aq. soln.,25°C)
CMC	~3×10⁻⁵ mol/L (0.003% w/v)
Acid Value	≤2.0
Saponification Value	45~55
Hydroxyl Value	81~96
Moisture	≤3.0
Density	1.05~1.10
Kinematic Viscosity	400~600 mm²/s (25°C)
Refractive Index	1.472~1.476 (25°C)
Flash Point	>150°C
Hygroscopicity	Hygroscopic
Chemical Stability	Stable under normal conditions; strong acid/alkali may cause hydrolysis
Foam Property	Medium foam
Alkali Resistance	Good (stable under mild alkaline conditions)
Viscosity	Viscous liquid
Melting Point	~20~25°C (freezing point)
Monoester Content	45~55%
Diester Content	10~20%
Low Shear Viscosity	400~600 mPa·s (25℃)
Solid Content	≥98%
Free Alcohol	≤1%
Heavy Metal	≤10 mg/kg
Arsenic	≤2 mg/kg

Tween T-60 (Polysorbate 60)

Product Details

Applications

Properties

Safety

Product Overview

Performance Features

Packaging and Storage

Tween / Polysorbate Applications

Product Properties

Safety

GHS

Handling

Storage

First Aid

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