Question 1

Is polyethylene glycol PEG-400 harmful to the human body? Does it have an impact on the environment?

Accepted Answer

Polyethylene glycol PEG-400 is basically harmless to the human body, belonging to low-toxicity and low-irritation safe raw materials; it only has a slight impact on water bodies (WGK 1) and the overall environmental risk is low. Detailed Explanation Under normal use conditions, polyethylene glycol PEG-400 is safe for the human body. According to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), this product is not classified as a hazardous chemical, with no hazard pictograms, no signal word, and no hazard statements. It exhibits characteristics of low toxicity, low irritation, and non-sensitization, fully meeting the stringent safety requirements for pharmaceutical and cosmetic raw materials. Therefore, it is widely used as excipients in pharmaceutical preparations (such as ointment bases, suppository bases, solubilizers for injections) and as ingredients in daily chemical care products (such as creams, shampoos, toothpaste, etc.). However, this does not mean basic protection can be completely ignored. The product safety instructions clearly state that it is still recommended to wear chemical safety goggles and protective gloves during operation, maintain good ventilation, and avoid prolonged or repeated direct contact. In case of accidental contact, rinse thoroughly with plenty of water, which generally does not cause serious harm. The closed-cup flash point is approximately 238°C, making it non-flammable at room temperature, and its chemical stability further reduces safety risks during use. Environmental Impact Assessment The direct environmental impact of polyethylene glycol PEG-400 is relatively limited. According to the German Water Hazard Classification standard, this product has a water hazard class of WGK 1 (slightly hazardous to water), which is one of the lowest hazard levels. This means it is somewhat biodegradable in the environment and does not cause significant ecological accumulation issues. However, the safety data sheet clearly requires preventing the product from entering drains or water bodies. In case of leakage, inert absorbent materials should be used for collection and disposal according to local regulations, and it must not be discharged directly into the environment. Application Recommendations Given the vorable safety characteristics of PEG-400, it has been widely used in various fields involving close contact with the human body: in the pharmaceutical industry, it can be directly used as an excipient for oral and topical preparations; in the daily chemical industry, it can be used as a humectant and lubricant in skincare products; in industrial applications (textiles, metalworking, coatings, etc.), the health risk to operators under normal operating conditions is extremely low. As long as basic industrial hygiene practices are followed, PEG-400 is a reliable and safe choice. Precautions Wear chemical safety goggles and nitrile or neoprene protective gloves during operation Wash hands thoroughly after operation; contaminated clothing must be cleaned before reuse No eating, drinking, or smoking in the workplace Do not pour waste directly into drains or natural water bodies; collect and dispose of according to local regulations Avoid contact with strong oxidizers to prevent hazardous reactions Store at temperatures between 5°C and 30°C, keep sealed to prevent moisture absorption

Question 2

What should I do if problems occur during the use of polyethylene glycol PEG-400? How can I obtain technical support?

Accepted Answer

When encountering problems during the use of PEG-400, first refer to the product safety instructions for emergency handling, and then obtain professional technical support through the official channels of Guoli Chemical. Detailed ExplanationPolyethylene glycol PEG-400, as a nonionic surctant, has stable chemical properties and relatively high safety under normal temperature use. However, in practical applications, abnormal situations may still occur due to improper operation, substandard storage conditions, or compatibility issues with the formulation. Common problems include: quality degradation after moisture absorption, incompatibility with other components in the formulation, increased viscosity or even solidification at low temperatures, and discoloration due to excessive storage temperatures.To address the above issues, start by checking the operation and storage steps: confirm that the container is sealed and stored in a cool, dry environment at 5°C to 30°C, away from strong oxidizers and strong acids and other incompatible substances, and avoid prolonged exposure to air. If the problem involves formulation issues, it is recommended to check whether there are components in the system that antagonize PEG-400, and adjust the addition sequence or ratio.If the problem cannot be resolved through self-checking, Guoli Chemical provides professional technical support services. An experienced team of application engineers offers one-on-one solutions for specific problems, covering formulation optimization, process adjustment, and application testing.Emergency Handling GuideAccording to GHS classification, PEG-400 is not classified as a hazardous chemical, but in case of accidental exposure, follow the steps below: Type of ContactEmergency Measures InhalationMove the patient to fresh air and keep respiratory tract unobstructed; if symptoms persist, seek medical attention immediately. Skin ContactRemove contaminated clothing immediately and thoroughly rinse the affected area with plenty of water and soap. Eye ContactHold eyelids open and rinse continuously with flowing water or saline solution for at least 15 minutes; seek medical examination as soon as possible. IngestionDo not induce vomiting; rinse mouth thoroughly with water and seek medical attention immediately. Spill TreatmentFor small spills, cover with inert absorbent material (such as sand) and collect; for large spills, dike and transfer to a sealed dedicated container, and dispose of in accordance with local regulations. Prevent entry into sewers or waterways.How to Obtain Guoli Chemical Technical SupportGuoli Chemical has established a comprehensive technical service system. You can obtain professional support through the following channels: Phone Consultation: Directly call the Guoli Chemical official customer service hotline to communicate directly with application technology engineers about the details of the problem. Online Support: Submit a description of the problem through the online customer service or message system on the Guoli Chemical official website, and technical personnel will respond promptly during working hours. Email Service: Send the problem details, product batch number, usage conditions, and abnormal phenomena to the Guoli Chemical technical support email as an email, so that engineers can conduct systematic analysis and provide written responses. On-Site Service: For major technical issues or batch application challenges, Guoli Chemical can arrange technical personnel to conduct on-site process diagnosis and commissioning guidance.Information Recommended to Prepare When Contacting Technical SupportTo help technical personnel quickly locate the problem, please provide the following information as much as possible when contacting: product name and batch number (PEG-400 / CAS No. 25322-68-3), purchase date and supplier, formulation system and addition ratio, operating process conditions (temperature, pH value, stirring method, etc.), specific description of abnormal phenomena and the time they occurred. The more detailed the information, the more efficient the problem diagnosis.

Question 3

How to purchase Polyethylene Glycol PEG-400? What is the minimum order quantity?

Accepted Answer

Polyethylene Glycol PEG-400 price is negotiable. The minimum order quantity needs to be confirmed with the Guo Li Chemical sales team. Conventional packaging includes 50kg/200kg plastic drums and IBC totes. Detailed Description Hello! Thank you for your interest in Guo Li Chemical's Polyethylene Glycol PEG-400 (CAS: 25322-68-3). The pricing unit for this product is "Yuan/Ton", and the specific price will be determined based on ctors such as order quantity, current raw material market conditions, and transportation distance. The reference price in the database was updated on June 10, 2026, and is for preliminary reference only. For the actual transaction price, please contact our sales team directly for the latest quotation. Regarding the minimum order quantity (MOQ), currently there is no specific minimum order quantity parameter recorded in the product database. As a bulk commodity widely used in industrial and pharmaceutical excipient fields, Polyethylene Glycol PEG-400 is typically traded in ton-level batches. Guo Li Chemical offers multiple packaging specifications — 50kg plastic drums, 200kg plastic drums, and IBC totes, flexibly accommodating the needs of customers of different scales. It is recommended that you directly contact the sales representative to obtain a customized quotation based on your intended use and expected quantity. Order Information Summary ItemDetails Product NamePolyethylene Glycol PEG-400 CAS Number25322-68-3 Packaging Specifications50kg plastic drum / 200kg plastic drum / IBC tote Pricing UnitYuan/Ton Minimum Order QuantityNo public data available, please consult the sales team Quotation ValiditySubject to the latest quotation from the sales team Application Suggestions Polyethylene Glycol PEG-400 is applicable in various industries including pharmaceuticals (ointment bases, suppository carriers, solubilizers), daily chemicals (moisturizers, lubricants), textiles (antistatic agents, softeners), metalworking fluids, and coatings. It is recommended to clarify your application field and quantity requirements before ordering, so that the sales team can recommend the most suitable packaging specifications and logistics solutions. Precautions The product is hygroscopic. After receipt, please seal and store it in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated place. The recommended storage temperature is 5°C to 30°C. IBC tote packaging is suitable for large-scale continuous production. For small trial batches, 50kg or 200kg drums can be preferred. This product is non-hazardous chemical and has no special transportation restrictions, but still should be protected from direct sunlight and rain.

Question 4

Does polyethylene glycol PEG-400 meet environmental requirements? Can a test report be provided?

Accepted Answer

Polyethylene glycol PEG-400 generally meets conventional environmental requirements, but is slightly hazardous to water and requires proper disposal Detailed Explanation According to the Guoli Chemical product database, polyethylene glycol PEG-400 is a non-ionic surctant. One of its core advantages is good biodegradability, allowing it to gradually decompose in the natural environment without long-term accumulation. From a regulatory perspective, according to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), this product is not classified as a hazardous chemical; it has no hazard pictograms, no signal word, and no hazard statements, indicating that it is considered a low environmental risk substance under conventional environmental regulations. However, it should be noted that the water hazard class (WGK) of PEG-400 is Class 1, indicating a slight hazard to water bodies. This means that although the product itself is not highly toxic, if a large amount leaks directly into sewers, rivers, lakes, or other water bodies, it may cause adverse effects on the aquatic ecological environment. Therefore, during use and disposal, relevant environmental regulations must still be followed, and random discharge is prohibited. Regarding Test Reports Regarding the environmental test report you inquired about, currently there are no specific environmental test report documents for this product available directly in the Guoli Chemical product database. Typically, test reports (such as biodegradability test reports, ROHS test reports, REACH compliance statements, etc.) need to be issued separately based on specific batches and customer requirements. If you need a formal environmental test report, it is recommended that you contact the sales or technical support team of Guoli Chemical directly. They will provide the latest third-party test reports and relevant compliance documents according to your specific requirements. You can also call the Guoli Chemical official customer service hotline, inform them of your purchase batch and the type of report needed, to obtain the most accurate documentation support. Application Recommendations In practical applications, to ensure environmental compliance, please note the following: Pharmaceutical Preparations: When used as a pharmaceutical excipient, PEG-400 only needs to meet pharmacopoeia standards; its environmental risks are controlled through the drug registration and approval process. Daily Chemical Care: In product formulation design, follow cosmetics safety technical specifications; this raw material can be used safely, and its environmental impact is within controllable range in the product life cycle assessment. Industrial Processing (e.g., textiles, papermaking, pesticides, etc.): Wastewater after use must be treated according to local environmental regulations; it is recommended to use biochemical treatment processes such as activated sludge method to degrade it, ensuring that the effluent meets discharge standards. Metalworking Fluids and Coatings: Waste liquid should be managed as hazardous waste and disposed of by qualified third-party organizations; direct discharge into the environment is strictly prohibited. Precautions Leak Disposal: In case of leakage, small amounts should be absorbed and collected using inert materials such as sand; for large leaks, construct a dike and transfer the liquid with a pump into a dedicated container. It is particularly emphasized to strictly prevent the product from entering sewers or water bodies. Disposal of waste liquid and contaminated containers must comply with local and national environmental regulations; they cannot be discarded or dumped arbitrarily. Operators should wear chemical protective gloves and goggles. For specific safety parameters, please refer to the Safety Data Sheet (SDS).

Question 5

What are the advantages of polyethylene glycol PEG-400 compared to other similar products?

Accepted Answer

According to technical data from Guoli Chemical, the core advantages of polyethylene glycol PEG-400 lie in its excellent non-ionic properties, high solubilization capacity, and superior safety, which make it highly adaptable and reliable in pharmaceutical, daily chemical, and industrial applications.The following is a detailed analysis of the advantages of PEG-400:### 1. Chemical Structure and Property AdvantagesThe degree of polymerization of PEG-400 (n≈9) provides a unique functional balance within the PEG series: compared to PEG-200, it has a higher molecular weight, lower volatility, and better lubricity and moisturizing properties; compared to PEG-600/800, it has moderate viscosity, is a transparent liquid at room temperature, and can be used without heating, offering greater operational convenience.### 2. Core Functional Comparison AdvantagesCompared to ionic surctants or other solvents, its advantages include:- Extremely wide compatibility: As a non-ionic polymer, it does not ionize and can stably combine with anionic, cationic, and amphoteric systems without precipitation due to charge neutralization, which is incomparable to ionic products.- Efficient solubilization medium: It has strong solubilization ability for many poorly soluble organic substances, fragrances, and active ingredients. In pharmaceuticals, it significantly improves the solubility and bioavailability of drugs; in liquid preparations, it maintains a clear and transparent system.- Excellent process dispersibility: In coatings, inks, and textiles, it effectively adsorbs onto the surce of solid particles, providing strong steric hindrance to prevent sedimentation and agglomeration of pigments and fillers, which is more stable than some low-molecular-weight dispersants.- Mild safety standards: It has low irritation, low toxicity, and non-sensitizing properties, meeting stringent pharmaceutical and daily chemical safety standards. In the field of pharmaceutical excipients, its purity and safety record are unmatched by many industrial-grade solvents.### 3. Specific Application Scenario Comparison| Comparison Item | Guoli PEG-400 | Comparable Products (e.g., PEG-200, Propylene Glycol, Glycerin, etc.) || :--- | :--- | :--- || Pharmaceutical Applications | Ointment/suppository base, injection solubilizer, drop pill carrier, high safety, strong solubilization. | Propylene glycol: weak solubilization, relatively high irritation. Glycerin: strong water absorption, feels dry, irritates skin wounds. || Daily Chemical Care | Moisturizing and lubricating agent, skin feel is moisturizing, smooth, and non-sticky, improving spreadability. | PEG-200: low molecular weight, insufficient moisturizing persistence. Glycerin: tends to create a sticky feel at high concentrations. || Textile Processing | Antistatic and softening finishing, smooth hand feel, good compatibility with various finishing agents. | Ionic softeners: may affect dye color or conflict with other auxiliaries. || Industrial Processing | Lubricant for metal cutting fluids, stabilizer for pigment dispersion, with wetting and cleaning properties. | Traditional mineral oil-based: poor biodegradability. Common solvents: high volatility, VOC issues. |### 4. Application Recommendations- Pharmaceutical preparations: As a solubilizer, the recommended dosage can be adjusted according to the active ingredient, usually premixed before addition.- Daily chemical products: As a moisturizer and viscosity modifier, the recommended addition amount is 1%-10%.- Industrial dispersion: As a grinding medium or dispersion aid for pigments and fillers, the recommended addition amount is 2%-5% of the total formula.### 5. Precautions- Due to its hygroscopic nature, storage must be sealed and kept in a cool, dry place (5°C-30°C) to prevent quality degradation.- It is recommended to wear protective gloves and glasses during operation and maintain good ventilation.- Avoid storing together with strong oxidizing agents (such as peroxides, concentrated nitric acid).In summary, choosing Guoli Chemical's PEG-400 means not only selecting a single product with high purity and stable performance but also obtaining a multifunctional solution partner that integrates dissolution, dispersion, lubrication, and moisturization.

Question 6

How should polyethylene glycol PEG-400 be stored? What is its shelf life?

Accepted Answer

Polyethylene glycol PEG-400 must be stored sealed, with temperature control, and protected from moisture. Under proper conditions, the shelf life is typically 2 years. Detailed Description Polyethylene glycol PEG-400 (Guoli Chemical product) is a chemically stable non-ionic surctant. However, due to the presence of hydroxyl and ether bonds in its molecular structure, it has strong hygroscopicity. Prolonged exposure to air will cause it to absorb moisture, leading to quality degradation. Therefore, the core of storage is "sealing and moisture prevention" together with "temperature control." Additionally, although PEG-400 is not flammable (high flash point), it should still be kept away from open flames and strong oxidizing agents to ensure absolute safety. Regarding shelf life, when stored under recommended conditions in its unopened original packaging, the product is typically stable for 24 months (2 years) from the date of manucture. After the expiration date, it is not necessarily unusable, but it is recommended to recheck key indicators (such as moisture content, viscosity, pH value, and hydroxyl value) before use. If they meet the standards, it can still be used. Storage Condition Guidelines (Based on Guoli Chemical Database) To ensure stable product performance, please strictly adhere to the following storage requirements: Keep sealed: The container must always be kept sealed. After use, close it immediately to prevent moisture absorption. Temperature control: The storage temperature should be strictly controlled between 5°C and 30°C. Too low temperature may cause the liquid to solidify (freezing point approximately 4-8°C), affecting usage; too high temperature may accelerate deepening of the product color. Ventilated and cool: Store in a dry, cool, and well-ventilated warehouse, away from direct sunlight. Keep away from heat sources: Despite its open cup flash point ≥200°C, keep it away from heat, sparks, and open flames. Isolate storage: Must be stored separately from strong oxidizing agents, strong acids and other incompatible substances to prevent dangerous reactions. Technical Parameters The following are key technical indicators related to product stability and storage: Parameter ItemIndicator Data Appearance (25°C)Colorless transparent viscous liquid HygroscopicityEasily absorbs moisture Freezing PointApprox. 4~8°C Open Cup Flash Point≥200°C Moisture Content≤0.5% Kinematic Viscosity (25°C)90~120 mm²/s pH Value (1% Aqueous Solution)4.5~7.5 Recommended Storage Temperature5°C ~ 30°C Application Recommendations Whether used in pharmaceutical preparations, daily chemical care, or industrial processing, if the product has been opened for a long time or the storage environment is highly humid, it is recommended to perform a simple appearance and viscosity check before feeding. If the product becomes turbid, layered, or develops sediment, it usually indicates moisture absorption or contamination and should not be used further. For high-demand injection-grade applications, it is not recommended to use beyond the expiration date. Precautions Anti-solidification treatment: If the storage temperature in winter lls below the freezing point (approx. 4-8°C), PEG-400 may solidify into a waxy solid. This is a physical change and does not affect product quality. It can be melted by raising the ambient temperature (not exceeding 50°C) or using a warm water bath to slowly liquefy, then stirring evenly for normal use. Avoid inhalation: When heating for extended periods, ensure ventilation to reduce inhalation of vapor or mist. After opening shelf life: The original shelf life refers to unopened state. Once opened, the product should be used as soon as possible to prevent reverse contamination by moisture and impurities from the air.

Question 7

What safety precautions should be taken when using polyethylene glycol PEG-400?

Accepted Answer

Polyethylene glycol PEG-400 is a non-hazardous chemical, chemically stable at room temperature and non-flammable, but still requires standard operating procedures to ensure safe use. Detailed Description Polyethylene glycol PEG-400 (CAS No.: 25322-68-3) is not classified as a hazardous chemical according to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), with no hazard pictograms, no signal word, and no hazard statements. Its closed-cup flash point is approximately 238°C, giving it a high flash point characteristic, making it non-flammable and non-explosive, and it does not cause serious irritation to skin and eyes, resulting in a low overall safety risk. The Water Hazard Class (WGK) is 1, indicating slight hazard to water bodies, so care must be taken to prevent the product from entering sewers or water bodies. Although PEG-400 has high safety, good ventilation should still be maintained during actual operation to avoid inhaling vapors or mists. It is recommended to wear chemical safety goggles and nitrile or neoprene protective gloves during operation, and wash hands thoroughly after handling. Contaminated clothing must be thoroughly washed before reuse. Eating, drinking, and smoking are prohibited in the workplace. Avoid contact with strong oxidizers to prevent dangerous reactions. For storage, containers should be kept sealed and stored in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated warehouse. The recommended storage temperature is between 5°C and 30°C. Keep away from heat sources, sparks, and open flames. Store separately from incompatible substances such as strong oxidizers and strong acids. Avoid prolonged exposure to air to prevent moisture absorption and quality deterioration. Safety Parameters Overview Safety IndicatorParameter GHS ClassificationNon-hazardous chemical, no hazard pictograms Closed-cup flash pointApproximately 238°C Water Hazard Class (WGK)1 (Slight hazard to water bodies) Skin/Eye IrritationNo serious irritation Recommended storage temperature5°C ~ 30°C Incompatible substancesStrong oxidizers, strong acids Emergency Treatment Guidelines Inhalation: Move the person to fresh air and keep breathing unobstructed; if symptoms persist, seek medical attention immediately. Skin contact: Immediately remove contaminated clothing and thoroughly wash the affected area with plenty of water and soap. Eye contact: Hold eyelids open and rinse continuously with flowing water or saline for at least 15 minutes, then seek medical examination as soon as possible. Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; rinse mouth thoroughly with water and seek medical attention immediately. Spill handling: For small spills, cover with inert absorbent material (e.g., sand) and collect in containers; for large spills, build dikes or dig pits to contain, transfer to dedicated closed containers, and dispose of in accordance with local regulations. Prevent the product from entering sewers or water bodies. Precautions PEG-400 is hygroscopic; after opening, it should be sealed and stored as soon as possible to avoid quality deterioration due to moisture absorption from the air. If the product solidifies or becomes cloudy at low temperatures, this is a normal physical change; it can be placed in a warm environment to slowly return to room temperature and then used normally without affecting product performance. It is recommended to operate in a fume hood or a well-ventilated area, especially when heating, as attention should be paid to vapor diffusion.

Question 8

How to use polyethylene glycol PEG-400? What is the recommended amount?

Accepted Answer

The recommended amount of polyethylene glycol PEG-400 varies significantly by application area and must be determined through experiments based on specific formulation and process requirements. There is no uniform fixed addition ratio in the Guoli Chemical database. Detailed Explanation Polyethylene glycol PEG-400 (CAS: 25322-68-3), as a non-ionic surctant, has excellent compatibility and chemical stability. Its usage method is typically to add it directly into the formulation system and stir evenly. However, the specific amount varies significantly across different industries. Due to the lack of detailed parameters for the customer's specific application scenario, Guoli Chemical database has no unified recommended addition amount. The actual use should be based on formulation experiments and process validation. In pharmaceutical preparations, PEG-400 is commonly used as an ointment base, suppository base, or solubilizer for liquid medications. Its dosage must be precisely designed based on the characteristics of the active pharmaceutical ingredient, dosage form type, and target release profile, typically determined by pharmacists or formulation engineers through compatibility tests and stability studies. In daily chemical care products, as a humectant and lubricant, PEG-400's conventional reference dosage range is usually between 1% and 10% (by weight of the total formulation), which needs fine-tuning based on product viscosity, skin feel requirements, and cost control. In industrial applications such as coatings, inks, and pesticide formulations, PEG-400 is used as a dispersant or emulsifier, with the addition amount often between 0.5% and 5%. In metalworking fluids or textile auxiliaries, its dosage may be higher, reaching 5% to 15% or even more, depending on its specific contribution to lubricity, wetting, or softening effects. All addition amounts are recommended to be validated through small-scale and pilot-scale experiments gradually. Technical Parameters Parameter ItemGuoli Chemical Product Data AppearanceColorless transparent viscous liquid Active Content≥99.5% HLB Value20 (Theoretical) Hydroxyl Value264–300 mgKOH/g pH Value (1% Aqueous Solution)4.5–7.5 Kinematic Viscosity (25°C)90–120 mm²/s Density1.11–1.13 g/cm³ Solidification PointApproximately 4–8°C Surce Tension (1% Aqueous Solution, 25°C)Approximately 63 mN/m Flash Point (Open Cup)≥200°C Water SolubilityEasily soluble in water, ethanol, acetone Application Recommendations For different usage scenarios, the following application strategies are recommended: Direct Addition Method: PEG-400 is a fully water-soluble liquid and can be added directly to water-based or alcohol-water mixed systems under stirring conditions and mixed evenly. Suitable for daily chemical products, textile auxiliaries, metalworking fluids, etc. Pre-mixing/Masterbatch Method: For high-viscosity formulations or systems requiring solubilization of poorly soluble active substances, it is recommended to pre-mix PEG-400 with the active ingredient or a small amount of solvent to form a mother liquor before adding to the main formulation to improve dispersion efficiency and system transparency. Temperature Control: Due to its solidification point of approximately 4–8°C, solidification or stratification may occur in low-temperature environments. If the product becomes thick or solidifies due to low-temperature storage before use, simply warm the container at room temperature or in a warm water bath and stir evenly; product quality will not be affected. Dosage Determination: Since the Guoli Chemical database does not provide fixed addition amounts for various industries, it is recommended to start with industry experience ranges (e.g., 2%–5% for daily chemical humectants, 3%–8% for pesticide emulsifiers, 5%–12% for metalworking fluids) and optimize the best dosage through orthogonal experiments or gradient experiments. Precautions PEG-400 is hygroscopic; after opening the container, reseal it as soon as possible to avoid prolonged exposure to air, which may increase moisture content and reduce quality. Storage temperature is recommended to be controlled between 5°C and 30°C, away from strong oxidizers and strong acids. Although the product is safe and mild (GHS non-hazardous chemical), nitrile rubber gloves and chemical safety goggles are still recommended during industrial operations. This product is slightly hazardous to water (WGK=1); avoiding direct discharge of large amounts into sewers or natural water bodies is strictly prohibited.

Question 9

What are the main industries and processes in which polyethylene glycol PEG-400 is applied?

Accepted Answer

Polyethylene glycol PEG-400 is widely used in eight major industries including pharmaceuticals, daily chemicals, textiles, rubber, metal processing, paints and inks, papermaking, and pesticides, playing core functions in various processes such as solubilization, moisturizing, lubrication, dispersion, and softening. Detailed Description Polyethylene glycol PEG-400 is a nonionic high-molecular polymer produced by the stepwise addition polymerization of ethylene oxide with water or ethylene glycol. It appears as a colorless transparent viscous liquid with a CAS number of 25322-68-3. Thanks to its excellent nonionic properties, superior compatibility, and chemical stability, PEG-400 can be stably compounded with anionic, cationic, and nonionic systems, making it a widely used industrial and pharmaceutical excipient. In the pharmaceutical industry, PEG-400 is mainly used as an ointment base, suppository base, dropping pill carrier, and solubilizer and stabilizer for liquid medications, effectively improving the solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs, and enhancing the formability and stability of preparations. In the daily chemical field, it serves as a high-performance moisturizer, lubricant, and viscosity regulator, widely applied in creams, lotions, shampoos, toothpaste, and other products, imparting a moist and smooth touch to the skin. In the industrial processing field, the applications of PEG-400 are equally diverse: in the textile industry, it is used as an antistatic agent, softener, leveling agent, and component of spinning finishes for synthetic fibers; in rubber and plastic processing, as a mold release agent and dispersant; in metalworking fluids, providing lubrication and cooling performance; in paints and inks, as a pigment dispersion stabilizer and plasticizer; in the papermaking industry, as a softener and anti-sticking agent; and in pesticide formulations, as an emulsifier and wetting agent, enhancing the spreading and penetration of the liquid on plant leaf surces. Detailed Application Fields and Processes Industry Main Application Process/Use Core Function Pharmaceutical Industry Ointment base, suppository base, dropping pill carrier, solubilization of liquid medications Solubilizer, stabilizer, improving drug solubility and bioavailability Daily Chemical Industry Creams, lotions, shampoos, toothpaste, shaving products Moisturizer, lubricant, viscosity regulator Textile Industry Spinning finishes, antistatic finishing, softening treatment, leveling process Antistatic, softening, leveling, reducing friction between fibers Rubber and Plastic Processing Mold release process, filler dispersion, processing flow modification Mold release agent, dispersant, improving processing fluidity and surce finish Metalworking Fluids Cutting fluids, quenching fluids, cooling fluids Lubrication, cooling, wetting, and cleaning Paints and Inks Pigment dispersion, film plasticization, leveling control Dispersant, plasticizer, preventing sedimentation and flocculation Papermaking Industry Paper softening treatment, anti-sticking in pressing and drying Softener, anti-sticking agent, improving paper hand feel Pesticide Formulations Preparation of emulsifiable concentrates, oil-in-water emulsions, suspension concentrates Emulsifier, wetting agent, enhancing spreading and penetration Application Recommendations PEG-400 has excellent nonionic properties and is compatible with anionic, cationic, and nonionic systems, making it an ideal component in complex formulation systems. In practical applications, it is recommended to control the addition amount reasonably according to the target process requirements: as a solubilizer, it is usually suggested to add 5%~20% of the total formulation; as a moisturizer or lubricant, the addition amount is generally 1%~10%. Since PEG-400 has strong hygroscopicity, it should be sealed and stored immediately after opening to avoid long-term exposure to air, which may lead to quality degradation. Precautions This product is not easily flammable (closed cup flash point about 238°C), but it should still be stored away from fire sources. It is recommended to control the storage temperature between 5°C and 30°C and keep the container sealed. Avoid contact with incompatible substances such as strong oxidizers and strong acids. It is recommended to wear protective gloves and chemical safety goggles during operation. The water hazard class of this product is WGK 1. Prevent large quantities from entering sewers or water bodies.

Question 10

What are the physicochemical technical parameters of Polyethylene Glycol PEG-400?

Accepted Answer

Polyethylene Glycol PEG-400 is a colorless transparent viscous liquid, belonging to nonionic surctants, with excellent compatibility, chemical stability, and wide compatibility. Detailed Description Polyethylene Glycol PEG-400 (CAS No.: 25322-68-3) is a high-molecular polymer produced by the stepwise addition polymerization of ethylene oxide with water or ethylene glycol. Its molecular structure is HO(C₂H₄O)nH, where n≈4~14, and the average molecular weight is between 380 and 420. This product is a nonionic surctant, appearing as a colorless transparent viscous liquid, readily soluble in polar solvents such as water, ethanol, and acetone, and has good hygroscopicity. In terms of physicochemical properties, PEG-400 has an HLB value of approximately 20, belonging to highly hydrophilic surctants. The surce tension of a 1% aqueous solution is about 63 mN/m (25°C), and the cloud point is greater than 100°C (1% aqueous solution). The product has a relatively low solidification point, around 4~8°C, and may solidify or precipitate under low temperature conditions, which can be restored to a transparent state after appropriate heating. Its kinematic viscosity at 25°C is 90~120 mm²/s, low shear viscosity is about 110 mPa·s, density is 1.11~1.13 g/cm³, refractive index (nD²⁰) is in the range of 1.466~1.468, and open-cup flash point is ≥200°C, making it a high-flash-point substance that is not easily flammable at room temperature. PEG-400 has stable chemical properties and can be stably used under general alkaline conditions, but contact with strong oxidants should be avoided. The product has low foam characteristics and is not a type of surctant prone to foaming. It should be noted that this product has no critical micelle concentration (CMC) parameter and does not contain amine value, tertiary amine, phosphate ester, etc. In addition, due to the strong hygroscopicity of PEG-400, the container must be kept sealed during storage and use to avoid prolonged exposure to air, which may lead to quality degradation. Technical Parameters Parameter Name Technical Index CAS No. 25322-68-3 Chemical Name Polyethylene Glycol 400 / Polyoxyethylene Glycol 400 Molecular Formula HO(C₂H₄O)nH, n≈4~14 Average Molecular Weight 380~420 Appearance Colorless transparent viscous liquid Ion Type Nonionic Active Content ≥99.5% Solid Content ≥99% Moisture Content ≤0.5% Density (25°C) 1.11~1.13 g/cm³ Kinematic Viscosity (25°C) 90~120 mm²/s Low Shear Viscosity (25°C) Approx. 110 mPa·s Refractive Index (nD²⁰) 1.466~1.468 Solidification Point Approx. 4~8°C Flash Point (Open Cup) ≥200°C pH Value (1% Aqueous Solution) 4.5~7.5 pH Value (5% Aqueous Solution) 4.5~7.5 HLB Value 20 Cloud Point (1% Aqueous Solution) >100°C Surce Tension (1% Aqueous Solution, 25°C) Approx. 63 mN/m Hydroxyl Value 264~300 mgKOH/g Acid Value ≤0.5 mgKOH/g Saponification Value ≤1 mgKOH/g Iodine Value ≤1 gI₂/100g Free Alcohol ≤0.5% Heavy Metals ≤10 mg/kg Arsenic ≤2 mg/kg Solubility Readily soluble in water, ethanol, acetone Hygroscopicity Easily hygroscopic Foam Characteristics Low foam Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC) <td

Polyethylene Glycol PEG-400

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Property	Value
CAS No.	25322-68-3
Molecular Formula	HO(C2H4O)nH, n≈4~14
Appearance	Colorless transparent liquid
Ionic Type	Nonionic
Avg. Molecular Weight	380-420
Cloud Point	>100°C (1%aq. soln.)
Active Content	≥99.5%
pH Value(1%)	4.5~7.5
pH Value(5%)	4.5~7.5
Iodine Value	≤1
Solubility	Readily soluble in water, ethanol and acetone
Surface Tension	~63 mN/m (1%aq. soln., 25°C)
Acid Value	≤0.5
Saponification Value	≤1
Hydroxyl Value	264-300
Moisture	≤0.5
Density	1.11~1.13
Kinematic Viscosity	90~120 mm²/s (25°C)
Refractive Index	1.466~1.468
Flash Point	≥200°C (open cup)
Hygroscopicity	Readily hygroscopic
Chemical Stability	Stable at room temperature; avoid strong oxidizers
Foam Property	Low foam
Alkali Resistance	Stable under general alkaline conditions
Viscosity	90~120 mm²/s (25℃)
Melting Point	freezing point~4~8°C
Low Shear Viscosity	~110 mPa·s (25℃)
Solid Content	≥99%
Free Alcohol	≤0.5%
Heavy Metal	≤10 mg/kg
Arsenic	≤2 mg/kg