Question 1

Is polyethylene glycol PEG-2000 harmful to humans? Does it have an impact on the environment?

Accepted Answer

Polyethylene glycol PEG-2000 is a low-toxicity substance, harmless to humans under normal use conditions, and poses low risk to the environment. Detailed Description Polyethylene glycol PEG-2000 (CAS No.: 25322-68-3) is a non-ionic water-soluble polymer that is safe for humans under normal use and handling conditions. According to OECD standard toxicological test data, this product has no skin irritation, no eye irritation, and no skin sensitization, and is classified as a low-toxicity substance. Its oral LD₅₀ in rats is greater than 2000 mg/kg (actual values typically exceed 5000 mg/kg), and it is not listed as a hazardous chemical under the GHS classification system. It should be noted that although PEG-2000 itself has extremely low toxicity, dust or aerosols generated during handling may cause mild respiratory discomfort, and the molten product (melting point approximately 50–55°C) poses a risk of burns. Therefore, it is recommended to wear basic protective gloves and a dust mask during handling, and maintain good ventilation in the working environment. In case of skin or eye contact, rinse with clean water. Technical Parameters Safety IndicatorTest Method/StandardConclusion Acute Oral Toxicity (Rat)OECD 401LD₅₀ > 2000 mg/kg, low toxicity Skin IrritationOECD 404Non-irritant Eye IrritationOECD 405Non-irritant Skin SensitizationOECD 406Non-sensitizing GHS Hazard ClassificationEC No 1272/2008Not classified as hazardous chemical Flash PointClosed cup method>220°C, non-flammable Explosivity/Oxidizing Properties—None Environmental Impact Assessment From an ecotoxicological perspective, polyethylene glycol PEG-2000 poses a low overall risk to the environment: Aquatic Ecotoxicity: Low toxicity to aquatic organisms; under normal industrial discharge concentrations, it does not cause significant harm to aquatic ecosystems. Biodegradability: It is biodegradable and does not persist in the environment for long periods. Bioaccumulation: It is not prone to bioaccumulation in organisms and does not amplify along the food chain. Nevertheless, waste disposal should still follow local environmental regulations, and methods such as incineration or landfill can be used. Do not discharge directly into water bodies or the environment. It is recommended to entrust qualified professional waste disposal agencies for treatment. Application Recommendations Based on its excellent safety profile, PEG-2000 is widely used in pharmaceuticals (suppository bases, ointment bases, tablet binders), cosmetics (humectants, emollients), and daily chemical products. Its safety and history of use have been fully validated in pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations. For industrial applications, no special protective measures are required under normal operating conditions, but it is recommended: Wear insulated gloves when handling the molten product to prevent burns (melting point 50–55°C) Wear a dust mask during dust generation steps Control operating temperatures between room temperature and 70°C to avoid local overheating Precautions Although this product is not classified as a hazardous chemical, it should still be stored sealed in a cool, dry place (recommended 5–30°C), away from strong oxidizers, strong acids, strong bases, and other incompatible substances, and protected from direct sunlight and high temperatures. During transportation, prevent packaging damage and moisture absorption; no special transportation segregation requirements apply.

Question 2

What to do if problems occur during use of Polyethylene Glycol PEG-2000? How to get technical support?

Accepted Answer

If you encounter problems during use, please first consult the product safety data sheet to identify the cause, then contact the technical team of Haian Guoli Chemical Co., Ltd. for professional support. Common problem self-check and handling Problems encountered during use of Polyethylene Glycol PEG-2000 can generally be categorized into the following types. It is recommended to follow these steps for troubleshooting: 1. Poor dissolution or dispersion: PEG-2000 is a water-soluble polymer that is a waxy solid at room temperature (melting point approximately 50–55°C). If dissolution is difficult, check whether the operating temperature is above the melting point; it is recommended to heat and melt at 50–70°C before stirring and dispersing. If the formulation contains high concentrations of salts or electrolytes, it may affect solubility; try pre-dissolving in warm water before adding to the system. 2. Abnormal color or appearance: Normal product should be white to slightly yellow waxy solid or flakes with uniform color. If significant yellowing, caking, or odor occurs, it may be due to improper storage (moisture, high temperature, or direct sunlight), leading to product degradation. Check whether the storage environment meets the requirements of 5–30°C, cool, dry, and sealed. 3. Formulation compatibility issues: Although PEG-2000 has good compatibility with various surctants, resins, and most organic solvents, it should not be used together with strong oxidizers, strong acids, or strong bases. If precipitation, delamination, or ilure occurs in the formulation, check the chemical compatibility of each component one by one. 4. Performance not as expected: If the emulsification, solubilization, or moisturizing effect is not satisctory, confirm whether the addition amount is appropriate (general recommended dosage is 0.5% to 10% depending on the specific application) and whether the addition sequence and process conditions meet the formulation design requirements. How to obtain technical support If the above self-check still cannot solve the problem, Haian Guoli Chemical Co., Ltd. provides users with multiple technical support channels: Phone consultation: Call the sales or technical department of Guoli Chemical directly (see the company's official website or product packaging for the service hotline) and describe the specific product batch number, processing conditions, and abnormal phenomena to the technical personnel for targeted guidance. Online customer service: Use the online consultation portal on Guoli Chemical's official website or the official WeChat corporate account to submit a problem description and on-site photos. Technical engineers will respond during working hours. Email support: Send a detailed problem description, formulation information (proprietary components can be omitted), product batch number, and abnormal situation to the official technical support email of Guoli Chemical. The technical team will conduct a professional analysis and provide a written reply. On-site service: If the problem involves large-scale production processes or batch quality concerns, apply to Guoli Chemical for technical personnel to conduct on-site investigation and process diagnosis. Sample re-inspection service: If product quality issues are suspected, send the retained sample back to Guoli Chemical's quality inspection department to apply for free re-inspection analysis. Information to prepare before contacting To make technical support more efficient, it is recommended to prepare the following information before contact: Product name and batch number (available on the packaging label) Purchase date and storage conditions Processing conditions (temperature, pH, addition amount, addition sequence, etc.) Specific description of the problem (occurrence time, abnormal phenomena, impact on product performance) If possible, provide photos or samples of the abnormal product Important reminder If a large spill, skin burn (from molten material), eye contact, or ingestion occurs during use, especially in emergency situations, please follow the emergency measures in the product safety data sheet first, and seek medical attention immediately if necessary. Do not delay handling while waiting for technical support. After the incident is handled, contact Guoli Chemical for subsequent analysis.

Question 3

How to purchase polyethylene glycol PEG-2000? What is the minimum order quantity?

Accepted Answer

To purchase polyethylene glycol PEG-2000, please directly contact the sales team of Haian Guoli Chemical Co., Ltd. The minimum order quantity is not publicly available and is subject to sales confirmation. Detailed Description Polyethylene glycol PEG-2000 (CAS: 25322-68-3) is one of the core products of Guoli Chemical, widely used in pharmaceutical preparations, cosmetics, textiles, papermaking, metalworking, daily chemicals, coatings and inks, etc. According to the product database, the product's packaging specifications are 200kg iron drum or 50kg plastic drum, and you can negotiate the packaging choice with the sales team according to your usage needs. This product is not classified as a hazardous chemical. It is a white to slightly yellow waxy solid at room temperature, and is easy to transport and store. The storage temperature is recommended to be 5–30°C, keep the container tightly sealed and store in a cool, dry and well-ventilated place. Ordinary freight conditions can meet the transportation requirements, and there are no special hazardous chemical transportation restrictions. Ordering Process Suggestions It is recommended that you complete the purchase according to the following steps: Clarify requirements: Confirm the required product specification (PEG-2000), annual/single estimated usage, and target industry application (e.g., pharmaceutical grade or industrial grade requirements). Contact sales: Contact the sales department directly through the Guoli Chemical official website or the company's published contact number. Request a quote: The product price is quoted per ton. The actual transaction price may vary depending on the order quantity, payment method, delivery area, etc. The reference price in the database must be subject to the latest quotation from the sales team. Confirm samples: If it is the first cooperation, you can apply for a small sample for formulation verification and compatibility testing. Technical Parameter Summary ParameterValue AppearanceWhite to off-white solid/flake Hydroxyl value51~62 mgKOH/g pH value (1% aqueous solution)4.5~7.5 Moisture content≤0.5% Melting point45~55°C Purity≥99% Precautions The product is hygroscopic. After opening the drum, seal it promptly to avoid moisture absorption and caking. During melting operations, the temperature should be controlled between room temperature and 70°C to prevent local overheating. If pharmaceutical grade or other high purity requirements are needed, please specify clearly when ordering so that the sales team can match the appropriate batch for you.

Question 4

Does polyethylene glycol PEG-2000 meet environmental requirements? Can a test report be provided?

Accepted Answer

Polyethylene glycol PEG-2000 has good environmental characteristics and meets general environmental requirements, but there is no independent environmental test report available for download in the Guoli Chemical product database. Detailed Description According to the ecotoxicological information in the Guoli Chemical product database, polyethylene glycol PEG-2000 (CAS: 25322-68-3) performs well in environmental protection. This substance is biodegradable, meaning it can be gradually decomposed by microorganisms in the environment and will not persist for a long time. At the same time, its toxicity to aquatic organisms is rated as low toxicity, with a minor impact on aquatic ecosystems. In addition, PEG-2000 is not easily accumulated in organisms, i.e., it has low bioaccumulation potential and will not be enriched through the food chain. Its waste disposal recommendations explicitly require "avoid direct discharge into water bodies or the environment" and should be incinerated or landfilled in accordance with national and local environmental regulations. This product is not classified as dangerous goods under the United Nations Model Regulations for the Transport of Dangerous Goods, and its environmental impact during transportation and routine use is controllable. Regarding the test report, the Guoli Chemical product database currently does not include the full text of an independent environmental test report for this product (such as biodegradation rate test report, acute aquatic toxicity test report, etc.). If needed for compliance declarations or customer audits, it is recommended to directly contact the Guoli Chemical sales or technical department to obtain a Certificate of Analysis (COA) or consult the detailed Safety Data Sheet (SDS), which contains the ecotoxicological assessment conclusions. Summary of Key Environmental Indicators Environmental IndicatorDataSource BiodegradabilityBiodegradableGuoli Chemical Product Database · Safety Instructions Aquatic EcotoxicityLow toxicity to aquatic organismsGuoli Chemical Product Database · Safety Instructions BioaccumulationNot easily accumulated in organismsGuoli Chemical Product Database · Safety Instructions GHS ClassificationNot classified as a hazardous chemicalEU CLP Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 Waste DisposalIncineration, landfill, etc., avoid discharge into water bodiesGuoli Chemical Product Database · Safety Instructions Application Recommendations Given the low toxicity, biodegradability, and non-hazardous nature of PEG-2000, it is very suitable for use in formulation systems with high environmental requirements, such as pharmaceutical excipients, cosmetics and personal care products, textile softeners, etc. When designing formulations, this product can be confidently used as a green solvent, solubilizer, or moisturizing component. However, it should be noted that although the monomer has good environmental properties, the overall environmental compliance of the final formulation still needs to be evaluated for other compounded ingredients. Precautions During operation, avoid direct discharge into water bodies or soil; waste must be collected and disposed of in accordance with regulations. If formal environmental test reports, ISO certification documents, or REACH compliance declarations are required, it is recommended to contact Guoli Chemical business personnel directly. The environmental data in the database is based on existing technical information; the environmental compliance in actual application scenarios needs to be comprehensively evaluated in combination with the usage method of the final product and local regulations.

Question 5

What are the advantages of polyethylene glycol PEG-2000 compared to similar products?

Accepted Answer

Polyethylene glycol PEG-2000 is in the "golden interval" of molecular weight within the PEG series, combining moderate melting temperature, excellent hydrophilicity, and superior compatibility. It is one of the most versatile specifications with the widest processing window in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and industrial formulations. Detailed Explanation Compared with low molecular weight PEGs (such as PEG-200 to PEG-600) and high molecular weight PEGs (such as PEG-4000 to PEG-20000), polyethylene glycol PEG-2000's most core advantage lies in its precise balance of molecular weight and physical properties. According to the Guoli Chemical product database, the molecular weight range of PEG-2000 is 1800~2200, melting point is approximately 45~55°C, and it is a white waxy solid at room temperature. This characteristic makes it significantly superior in processing convenience compared to liquid low molecular weight PEGs—it can be used as a solid carrier (e.g., suppository base, pill matrix), while its melting temperature is much lower than that of PEG-4000/6000 (melting point approx. 55~65°C), resulting in lower energy consumption, safer operation during melt processing, and reduced risk of degradation for heat-sensitive drugs. Secondly, the HLB value of PEG-2000 is as high as 20, making it a completely hydrophilic nonionic surctant, with excellent solubility in water and good compatibility with anionic, cationic, and other nonionic substances. Compared to higher molecular weight PEG products, the aqueous solution viscosity of PEG-2000 is moderate (kinematic viscosity at 100°C is 50~65 mm²/s), avoiding operational difficulties or decreased system fluidity caused by excessive viscosity. Its hydroxyl value is 51~62 mg KOH/g, and the content of terminal active hydroxyl groups is sufficient. It exhibits excellent reactivity and product yield as an intermediate for esterification/etherification reactions, making it an ideal precursor for preparing a series of nonionic surctants such as polyethylene glycol tty acid esters and polyethers. Thirdly, PEG-2000 exhibits outstanding safety performance. Guoli Chemical's test data show that its heavy metal content is ≤5 mg/kg and arsenic content is ≤2 mg/kg, meeting stringent pharmaceutical-grade requirements. The actual oral LD₅₀ value in rats is typically >5000 mg/kg, with no skin irritation, no eye irritation, and no sensitization, classifying it as a low-toxicity substance. Compared with certain low molecular weight PEGs (e.g., PEG-200/300) that may have mild mucosal irritation, PEG-2000 has a safety advantage, which is a key reason for its widespread use in pharmaceutical preparations such as suppositories, ointments, and pills. Technical Parameters Parameter ItemGuoli Chemical PEG-2000 IndicatorAdvantages Compared to Similar Products Molecular Weight1800~2200Moderate molecular weight, balancing solubility and solid form Melting Point45~55°CLower than PEG-4000/6000 (55~65°C), easier melt processing HLB Value20Completely hydrophilic, excellent emulsification and dispersion capability Hydroxyl Value51~62 mg KOH/gSufficient terminal hydroxyl activity, high efficiency in derivatization reactions Acid Value≤0.5 mg KOH/gLow acid value ensures formulation stability and reduces side reactions Kinematic Viscosity (100°C)50~65 mm²/sModerate melt viscosity, better operational convenience than high molecular weight PEG Effective Content≥99%High purity, minimal impurity interference Heavy Metals≤5 mg/kgMeets stringent pharmaceutical-grade standards Flash Point>240°CHigh flash point, good processing safety Chemical StabilityResistant to acid, alkali, and hard waterStable over a wide pH range and under different water quality conditions Application Recommendations Pharmaceutical field is the application direction where PEG-2000's advantages are most prominent. Its melting point range of 45~55°C precisely matches the transition interval between body temperature (37°C) and room temperature. As a suppository base, it enables rapid melting and drug release at body temperature; as a pill matrix, the solid dispersion formed after melt cooling can significantly improve the dissolution rate of poorly soluble drugs. The recommended dosage depends on the specific prescription process, generally 60%~90% of PEG-2000 in suppositories. Cosmetic field, PEG-2000 is particularly suitable for medium to high-end creams and serums due to its excellent moisturizing and water-locking ability and non-sticky texture. Recommended addition amount is 1%~5%. Industrial field, as a smoothing agent and bundling agent in textile spinning oils, and as a lubricity-enhancing component in metalworking fluids, PEG-2000's low thermal decomposition residue (superior to low molecular weight PEG) and moderate viscosity make it the best overall performance choice. Notes PEG-2000 is hygroscopic; keep the container sealed during storage. Recommended storage temperature is 5~30°C to prevent moisture absorption and caking. When handling the molten product, the temperature should be controlled between room temperature and 70°C to avoid local overheating causing thermal decomposition. Wear insulated gloves to prevent burns. Avoid storing with incompatible substances such as strong oxidizers, strong acids, and strong bases. It is recommended to use stainless steel, aluminum, or plastic-lined carbon steel containers for storage. If used as a pharmaceutical excipient, confirm whether the product grade meets applicable pharmacopoeia standards (e.g., ChP, USP, EP, etc.).

Question 6

How to store polyethylene glycol PEG-2000? What is the shelf life?

Accepted Answer

Polyethylene glycol PEG-2000 should be stored sealed in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated place (5–30°C). Under compliant storage conditions, the shelf life is generally 2 years, but the COA (Certificate of Analysis) from the manucturer shall prevail. Detailed Description Polyethylene glycol PEG-2000 is a white to slightly yellowish waxy solid or flake with slight hygroscopicity. Therefore, the core of storage lies in moisture-proof, high-temperature proof, and contamination prevention. The product is chemically stable at room temperature, but if exposed to a humid environment for a long time, it will absorb moisture from the air, leading to caking and even affecting subsequent use performance. If the storage temperature exceeds the melting point (about 50–55°C), the product will melt. Although it can return to solid state after cooling (with thermal reversibility), repeated melting and solidification may affect appearance uniformity. According to the safety data sheet of Guoli Chemical, the recommended storage temperature range is 5–30°C. The container must be kept sealed. Unused product after opening should be resealed promptly to prevent moisture absorption and foreign matter contamination. The recommended container materials are stainless steel, aluminum, or carbon steel containers lined with plastic. Long-term contact with iron containers should be avoided to prevent trace iron ions from affecting the product color. Regarding the shelf life, the Guoli Chemical product database currently does not specify a specific shelf life value for this product. According to industry practice, polyethylene glycol PEG-2000, under sealed, cool, and dry compliant storage conditions, typically has a shelf life of 2 years from the date of manucture. It is recommended that users refer to the expiration date indicated on the product packaging label or the Certificate of Analysis (COA). Products beyond the shelf life should be re-tested and can only be used after confirming that all indicators meet the specifications. Storage Conditions Summary Storage ElementSpecific Requirement Temperature5–30°C, avoid high temperature and low temperature freezing HumidityKeep dry, prevent moisture absorption LightAvoid direct sunlight ContainerSealed packaging, recommended stainless steel, aluminum, or carbon steel containers lined with plastic EnvironmentCool, dry, well-ventilated warehouse Isolation RequirementsKeep away from strong oxidizers, strong acids, strong bases; keep away from heat sources, ignition sources; keep away from food, feed, and drinking water sources Application Suggestions In actual use, if PEG-2000 needs to be frequently accessed, it is recommended to divide into small packages for one week's usage to reduce the risk of moisture absorption from frequent opening of the main package. In winter at low temperatures, the product is solid. Before use, it can be placed in a 40–50°C water bath or warm room to slowly soften. Do not use open flames or steam for direct heating to avoid local overheating causing quality changes. Products that have been melted and then solidified and remelted generally do not affect performance, but repeated thermal cycles may cause slight discoloration. Precautions When handling molten PEG-2000, be careful to prevent high-temperature burns, and wear insulated gloves and protective equipment. Products with damaged packaging or iled seals should be used first or subjected to quality re-inspection. Waste products and packaging containers should be disposed of in accordance with national and local environmental regulations, and must not be directly discharged into water bodies or the environment. During transportation, prevent package damage, moisture, and exposure to sunlight. It is not classified as dangerous goods and has no special transport isolation requirements.

Question 7

What safety precautions should be taken when using polyethylene glycol PEG-2000?

Accepted Answer

Polyethylene glycol PEG-2000 is a low-toxicity, non-hazardous chemical. Under normal conditions of use, it is non-irritating to the skin and eyes. However, when handling the molten product, precautions should be taken to prevent burns from high temperatures, and inhalation of dust should be avoided. Detailed Description Polyethylene glycol PEG-2000 (CAS No.: 25322-68-3) is not classified as a hazardous chemical according to the EU CLP Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 and the Chinese national standard GB 30000 series, and has no hazard or precautionary statements. Its acute toxicity is extremely low, with an oral LD₅₀ in rats > 2000 mg/kg (actual values are typically >5000 mg/kg). It has been confirmed by OECD standard test methods to have no skin irritation, no eye irritation, and no skin sensitization. At room temperature, its vapor pressure is extremely low, making inhalation exposure risks negligible under normal operating conditions. In daily operations, personnel should wear appropriate work clothing to avoid direct skin contact. In areas where dust is generated, it is recommended to wear a dust mask. The work area should be well-ventilated. After work and before breaks, wash hands and exposed skin thoroughly with water and soap. Eating, drinking, and smoking are prohibited during work. Technical Parameters Safety ParameterValue/Description Melting PointApprox. 50–55°C Flash Point (Closed Cup)>220°C (Non-flammable solid or liquid) Explosive PropertiesNone Oxidizing PropertiesNone Acute Toxicity (Rat Oral LD₅₀)>2000 mg/kg (typically >5000 mg/kg) Skin Irritation (OECD 404)Non-irritating Eye Irritation (OECD 405)Non-irritating Skin Sensitization (OECD 406)Non-sensitizing Recommended Operating TemperatureRoom temperature to 70°C Recommended Storage Temperature5–30°C Application Recommendations The operating temperature should be controlled between room temperature and 70°C to avoid localized overheating that may cause thermal decomposition. Since PEG-2000 is a white waxy solid at room temperature, if melting is required, special care should be taken to prevent burns from high temperatures when handling the molten product. It is essential to wear insulated gloves and protective equipment. The product is thermally reversible; it becomes a transparent viscous liquid when melted and returns to a solid state upon cooling, cilitating processing operations. When used in applications such as textiles, papermaking, and metalworking fluids, it is recommended to operate in a well-ventilated environment. When used as a pharmaceutical excipient, compliance with Good Manucturing Practice (GMP) requirements is necessary. In cosmetic formulations, ensure the product meets relevant hygiene standards. Storage Precautions Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated warehouse, away from heat sources and ignition sources. Keep containers tightly sealed to prevent moisture absorption and contamination. Avoid storage in the same area as strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, and strong bases or other incompatible materials. Use stainless steel, aluminum, or plastic-lined carbon steel containers for storage, avoid prolonged contact with iron containers. Keep away from food, feed, and drinking water sources. Emergency Measures Skin Contact: Immediately flush the affected area with plenty of water and soap for at least 15 minutes. If irritation persists, seek medical assistance. Eye Contact: Immediately hold eyelids open and rinse with flowing water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation or pain persists, seek medical attention promptly. Inhalation of Dust: Move the person to fresh air and keep breathing comfortable. If discomfort persists, seek medical attention promptly. Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water. Do not induce vomiting. Seek medical attention immediately and show the container label. Spill Handling: Collect spills using inert absorbent materials (such as vermiculite, dry sand, diatomaceous earth, etc.), place in a closed container, and dispose of according to local regulations. Note that spill areas may become slippery. Fire Fighting: Suitable extinguishing media include water fog, dry powder, carbon dioxide, and foam. Combustion may produce carbon monoxide and irritating smoke. Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus. Transportation and Disposal This product is not classified as dangerous goods under the UN Model Regulations for the Transport of Dangerous Goods (ADR/RID, IMDG, IATA). During transportation, prevent packaging damage, moisture, and exposure to direct sunlight. Waste and used containers should be disposed of in accordance with national and local environmental regulations, such as incineration or landfill, and avoid direct discharge into water bodies or the environment.

Question 8

How to use polyethylene glycol PEG-2000? What is the recommended dosage?

Accepted Answer

Polyethylene glycol PEG-2000 is generally pre-melted and then added to the system. The specific dosage varies greatly depending on the application field. It is recommended to conduct gradient experiments in the range of 1% to 30% of the total formula weight to determine the optimal dosage. Detailed Description Polyethylene glycol PEG-2000 is a white waxy solid (melting point approximately 45–55°C) at room temperature. It usually needs to be pre-heated and melted before use to turn into a transparent viscous liquid before mixing with other components. When melting, it is recommended to use a water bath or jacket heating method, controlling the operating temperature between 50–70°C to avoid local overheating leading to thermal decomposition. After melting, it can be directly added to the stirring formula system, or pre-mixed with part of the liquid components to form a mother liquor before addition to improve dispersion uniformity. Due to its excellent chemical stability and compatibility, it can be added at different stages of the formula: when preparing an emulsification system, it is usually melted and mixed with the oil phase components during the oil phase heating stage; when preparing aqueous solutions or wash-off care products, the molten PEG-2000 can be directly added to the water phase with stirring to dissolve. Its HLB value is approximately 20, with strong hydrophilicity, dissolving quickly and dispersing evenly in aqueous systems, making operation convenient. This product is a non-ionic polymer that can well cooperate with anionic, cationic, and other non-ionic surctants, and will not il due to ionic interference in complex formulas. However, it should be noted that it is hygroscopic, so the container should be kept sealed during storage, and it should be used as soon as possible after opening. Technical Parameters ParameterValue/Description Appearance (room temperature)White to slightly yellow waxy solid or flakes Melting point range45–55°C HLB valueApproximately 20 Active content≥99% Hydroxyl value51–62 mgKOH/g pH of 1% aqueous solution4.5–7.5 SolubilityEasily soluble in water Ionic typeNon-ionic Cloud point (1% aqueous solution)>100°C Density1.21 g/cm³ Flash point>240°C Note: The above parameters are from the Guo Li Chemical product database. Application Recommendations There are no officially recommended dosages for various fields in the Guo Li Chemical database. The following is a recommended dosage range based on general industry practices, for reference in formula development. The actual optimal dosage needs to be determined through sample verification: Pharmaceutical suppositories/ointment bases: Used as the main base, the dosage can reach 20%~90%, and the blending ratio of PEG-2000 with higher or lower molecular weight PEG needs to be adjusted according to drug release requirements. Pharmaceutical tablet binder: The recommended dosage is 2%~5% of the total tablet weight, added in aqueous solution or molten form during the granulation stage. Skin care creams/lotions: Used as a humectant and emulsion stabilizer, the recommended dosage is 1%~8%, added by dissolving in the water phase. Shampoo/body wash: Used as a thickening and moisturizing aid, the recommended dosage is 1%~5%, working synergistically with surctants. Textile softener/antistatic agent: The recommended working solution concentration is 5~30g/L, depending on the bric type and processing technique. Paper sizing agent component: Add 5%~15% based on the dry weight of the sizing agent to improve sizing uniformity and paper flexibility. Paints/inks dispersant: Add 2%~10% based on the weight of pigments or fillers to aid wetting and dispersion. Water-based cutting fluid/grinding fluid: The recommended dosage is 5%~15% of the total formula weight as a lubricating enhancement component. Release agent component: Recommended to account for 3%~10% of the total release agent formula, utilizing its film-forming smoothness and low pyrolysis residue characteristics. Note: The above dosage ranges are industry empirical values. Please refer to the actual formula sample test results. Precautions When handling molten product, wear insulating gloves and protective equipment to prevent high-temperature burns. The operating temperature should be controlled within 70°C to avoid local overheating causing thermal decomposition. This product is hygroscopic. After opening, it should be promptly sealed and stored in a cool, dry place (5–30°C). Avoid storage in the same area as strong oxidizers, strong acids, and strong bases. In areas where dust is generated, it is recommended to wear a dust mask and maintain good ventilation. This product is not a hazardous chemical and does not belong to dangerous goods in the United Nations Model Regulations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods. During transportation, prevent packaging damage and moisture ingress.

Question 9

What are the main industries and processes in which polyethylene glycol PEG-2000 is used?

Accepted Answer

Polyethylene glycol PEG-2000, with its excellent emulsifying and dispersing properties, chemical stability, and wide compatibility, has mature applications in eight major industries including pharmaceutical preparations, cosmetics, textiles, papermaking, metalworking, coatings and inks, daily chemicals, and surctant synthesis. Detailed Description Polyethylene glycol PEG-2000 (CAS No.: 25322-68-3) is a nonionic water-soluble polymer, appearing as a white to yellowish waxy solid or flakes at room temperature. Its nonionic nature allows good compatibility with anionic, cationic, and other nonionic substances, demonstrating excellent adaptability in complex formulation systems. The product has good thermal reversibility (melting point approximately 50–55°C), becoming a transparent viscous liquid upon melting and reverting to a solid state upon cooling, cilitating processing operations in various industries. In end-use applications, PEG-2000 can be used directly as a functional additive (such as humectant, lubricant, dispersant) or as a key synthetic intermediate. Through esterification or etherification reactions with tty acids, ethylene oxide, etc., it produces a series of nonionic surctants such as polyethylene glycol tty acid esters and polyethers, widely serving formulation needs such as emulsification, dispersion, and leveling. The product's low toxicity (rat oral LD₅₀>5000 mg/kg), non-irritating to skin, good biodegradability, and non-flammable and non-explosive safety properties further expand its application space in human contact products such as pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Industry Application Details Industry Field Specific Process/Use Function Description Pharmaceutical Preparations Suppository base, ointment base, pill base, tablet binder and lubricant, coating plasticizer, solubilizer for injections, and cryoprotectant Utilizing suitable melting range and water solubility as drug carrier to promote drug release and absorption; providing binding effect in wet granulation or direct compression to improve tablet forming and demolding Cosmetics and Personal Care Humectant and emollient in creams, lotions, and skincare products; viscosity modifier and emulsion stabilizer Providing lasting moisturizing effect through hygroscopicity and water retention capacity; adjusting rheological properties in aqueous systems to assist in building stable multiple emulsion structures Textile Industry Antistatic agent, softening finishing agent, spinning oil component Adsorbing on fiber surce to form hydrophilic film, reducing surce resistance and electrostatic accumulation, giving bric smooth and soft hand feel; used as smoothing agent and bundling agent in spinning Papermaking Industry Sizing agent component, coating lubricant, humectant Improving uniformity of surce sizing on paper, maintaining appropriate moisture content of paper web; reducing doctor blade wear in coating formulations, improving coating flowability, enhancing gloss and printability Metalworking Fluids and Industrial Lubrication Additive in water-based cutting/grinding fluids, release agent component Acting as lubricity enhancer to reduce frictional heat, with rust prevention and cleaning ability; assisting in mold and product separation in die casting, injection molding, etc., with low pyrolysis residue and smooth film formation Coatings, Inks, and Adhesives Dispersant, rheology modifier, flexibility modifier Helping uniform dispersion of pigments and fillers, adjusting thixotropy and leveling, preventing settling and splashing; enhancing flexibility of adhesive layer in systems like starch adhesives Daily Chemicals Thickening and moisturizing additive in shampoos, body washes, and other cleansing formulations Synergistically thickening with surctants, providing non-sticky moisturizing after-feel, improving rinsing experience Surctant Synthesis Esterification/etherification precursor (intermediate) Reacting terminal active hydroxyl groups with tty acids, ethylene oxide, etc., to prepare series of nonionic surctants such as polyethylene glycol tty acid esters and polyethers Application Suggestions 1. Operating Temperature Control: It is recommended to use molten PEG-2000 between room temperature and 70°C to avoid local overheating causing thermal decomposition. For heat-sensitive processes such as pharmaceutical suppositories and pills, precise control of melting and cooling rates is required to ensure forming quality. 2. Compounding Suggestions: PEG-2000 has good compatibility with various anionic, cationic, and nonionic surctants. In composite formulations, it is recommended to dissolve in the aqueous phase first before mixing with other components to ensure uniform dispersion. 3. Dosage Reference: When used as a humectant or thickening aid, the typical recommended addition amount is 1%–15% of the formulation (specific dosage depends on the actual formulation system); when used as a dispersant, 0.5%–5% is recommended. Precautions The product should be stored sealed in a cool (recommended 5–30°C), dry, and well-ventilated warehouse, away from strong oxidizers, strong acids, and strong bases. When handling molten product, care should be taken to prevent high-temperature burns; it is recommended to wear insulated gloves and protective gear. In areas where dust is generated, it is recommended to wear a dust mask, and maintain good ventilation in the workplace. It is recommended to use stainless steel, aluminum, or plastic-lined carbon steel containers for storage, avoiding prolonged contact with iron containers. Although the product is not classified as a hazardous chemical, exposed skin should be washed promptly after use, and eating or drinking is prohibited during work.

Question 10

What are the physicochemical technical parameters of polyethylene glycol PEG-2000?

Accepted Answer

Polyethylene glycol PEG-2000 is a non-ionic water-soluble polymer. At room temperature, it appears as a white waxy solid with a melting point of 45~55℃, an HLB value of up to 20, and possesses excellent hydrophilicity and chemical stability. Detailed Description Polyethylene glycol PEG-2000 (CAS No.: 25322-68-3) is a linear polymer compound polymerized from ethylene oxide, with the molecular formula HO(C₂H₄O)nH, a degree of polymerization n of about 20~50, and an average molecular weight range of 1800~2200. The product carries active hydroxyl groups at the ends, which can serve as precursors for esterification/etherification reactions, used to synthesize a series of non-ionic surctants such as polyethylene glycol tty acid esters and polyethers. At room temperature, this product is a white to off-white waxy solid or flake with uniform color. Upon melting, it becomes a transparent viscous liquid, and upon cooling, it returns to a solid state, exhibiting good thermal reversibility. Its non-ionic nature allows it to be well compatible with anionic, cationic, and other non-ionic substances. It maintains stable performance over a wide pH range (pH 4.5~7.5 for a 1% aqueous solution) and under different water quality conditions, with excellent resistance to acid, alkali, and hard water. With its excellent hygroscopicity and water retention capacity, PEG-2000 is widely used in industries such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, textiles, papermaking, metal processing, coatings, and inks. Its flash point is >240℃, and it is not classified as a dangerous chemical. Under normal use conditions, it is non-irritating to skin and eyes and has high safety. Technical Parameters Parameter ItemTechnical IndicatorData Source CAS No.25322-68-3Guoli Chemical Product Database Molecular FormulaHO(C₂H₄O)nH, n≈20~50Guoli Chemical Product Database Average Molecular Weight1800~2200Guoli Chemical Product Database AppearanceWhite to off-white waxy solid or flakeGuoli Chemical Product Database Ion TypeNon-ionicGuoli Chemical Product Database HLB Value20Guoli Chemical Product Database Melting Point45~55℃Guoli Chemical Product Database Density1.21 g/cm³Guoli Chemical Product Database Flash Point>240℃ (Closed cup method)Guoli Chemical Product Database Kinematic Viscosity50~65 mm²/s (100℃)Guoli Chemical Product Database Refractive Index1.459 (60℃, molten state)Guoli Chemical Product Database Cloud Point>100℃ (1% aqueous solution)Guoli Chemical Product Database Surce TensionApprox. 63 mN/m (1% aqueous solution, 25℃)Guoli Chemical Product Database pH Value (1%/5% aqueous solution)4.5~7.5Guoli Chemical Product Database Active Content/Solid Content≥99%Guoli Chemical Product Database Hydroxyl Value51~62 mg KOH/gGuoli Chemical Product Database Acid Value≤0.5 mg KOH/gGuoli Chemical Product Database Saponification Value≤1Guoli Chemical Product Database Iodine Value≤1Guoli Chemical Product Database Moisture Content≤0.5%Guoli Chemical Product Database Heavy Metals≤5 mg/kgGuoli Chemical Product Database Arsenic≤2 mg/kgGuoli Chemical Product Database Water SolubilityEasily soluble in waterGuoli Chemical Product Database HygroscopicityHygroscopicGuoli Chemical Product Database Foaming PropertiesLow foamingGuoli Chemical Product Database Chemical StabilityStable, incompatible with strong oxidizersGuoli Chemical Product Database Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC)NoneGuoli Chemical Product Database Packaging Specifications200kg iron drum, 50kg plastic drumGuoli Chemical Product Database Application Recommendations Pharmaceutical Field: Utilizing its suitable melting point range (45~55℃) and good water solubility, it is recommended for use as a suppository base, ointment base, and pill matrix. In tablet preparation, it can be used as a binder and lubricant, with the recommended dosage adjusted according to the specific formulation process. When used as a solubilizer for injections, special attention should be paid to compliance with heavy metal (≤5 mg/kg) and arsenic (≤2 mg/kg) indicators. Cosmetics and Personal Care Products: With an HLB value of 20 for hydrophilic properties and excellent hygroscopicity, it is recommended for use in formulations such as moisturizing creams, lotions, and cleansing products as a humectant and emollient. Its low foaming property makes it suitable for use in low-foam or foam-free formulations, and it has good compatibility with various types of surctants. Industrial Applications: In the textile industry, it serves as an antistatic agent and softener, forming a hydrophilic film on the fiber surce due to its water solubility; in metalworking fluids, it acts as a lubricating enhancer, with kinematic viscosities of 50~65 mm²/s at 100℃ providing good high-temperature lubrication performance; in paint and ink systems, it is used as a dispersant and rheology modifier, cilitating the uniform dispersion of pigments and fillers. Precautions Storage Conditions: Recommended storage temperature 5~30℃, sealed and stored in a cool, dry place, protected from moisture. Avoid storing in the same area as strong oxidizers. Operating Temperature:

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Property	Value
CAS No.	25322-68-3
Molecular Formula	HO(C2H4O)nH, n≈20~50
Appearance	White to off-white solid
Ionic Type	Nonionic
Avg. Molecular Weight	1800~2200
Cloud Point	>100°C (1%aq. soln.)
Active Content	≥99%
pH Value(1%)	4.5~7.5
pH Value(5%)	4.5~7.5
Iodine Value	≤1
Solubility	Readily soluble in water
Surface Tension	~63 mN/m (1%aq. soln., 25°C)
Acid Value	≤0.5
Saponification Value	≤1
Hydroxyl Value	51~62
Moisture	≤0.5
Density	1.21 g/cm³
Kinematic Viscosity	50~65 mm²/s (100°C)
Refractive Index	1.459 (60°C, molten state)
Flash Point	>240°C
Hygroscopicity	Hygroscopic
Chemical Stability	Stable; incompatible with strong oxidizers
Foam Property	Low foam
Alkali Resistance	Good
Viscosity	50~65 mm²/s (100°C)
Melting Point	45~55
Solid Content	≥99%
Free Alcohol	≤0.5%
Heavy Metal	≤5 mg/kg
Arsenic	≤2 mg/kg